Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.1 (ACS)
 78,556 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concentration of acetate in blood plasma was measured by both a gas-liquid chromatographic method and an enzymatic method using acetyl-CoA synthetase. When acetate was measured enzymatically without previous protein precipitation, the apparent concentration was lower than when the concentration measured by either a gas-chromatographic method or by the enzymatic method after protein precipitation with perchloric acid and neutralization.
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PMID:A comparison of an enzymatic and a gas-chromatographic method for measuring the acetate concentration in the blood plasma of cattle. 136

Many proteins which aggregate during refolding may form transiently populated aggregated states which do not reduce the final recovery of active species. However, the transient association of a folding intermediate will result in reduced refolding rates if the dissociation process occurs slowly. Previous studies on the refolding and aggregation of bovine carbonic anhydrase B (CAB) have shown that the molten globule first intermediate on the CAB folding pathway will form dimers and trimers prior to the formation of large aggregates (Cleland, J. L.; Wang, D. I. C. Biochemistry 1990, 29, 11072-11078; Cleland, J. L.; Wang, D. I. C. In Protein Refolding; Georgiou, G., De-Bernardez-Clark, E., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 470; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991; pp 169-179). Refolding of CAB from 5 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) was achieved at conditions ([CAB]f = 10-33 microM, [GuHCl]f = 1.0 M) which allowed complete recovery of active protein as well as the formation of a transiently populated dimer of the molten globule intermediate on the refolding pathway. A kinetic analysis of CAB refolding provided insight into the mechanism of the association phenomenon. Using the kinetic results, a model of the refolding with transient association was constructed. By adjusting a single variable, the dimer dissociation rate constant, the model prediction fit both the experimentally determined active protein and dimer concentrations. The model developed in this analysis should also be applicable to the refolding of proteins which have been observed to form aggregates during refolding. In particular, the transient association of hydrophobic folding intermediates may also occur during the refolding of other proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Transient association of the first intermediate during the refolding of bovine carbonic anhydrase B. 136 9

The benzoyl-CoA ligase from an anaerobic syntrophic culture was purified to homogeneity. It had a molecular mass of around 420 kDa and consisted of seven or eight subunits of 58 kDa. The temperature optimum was 37-40 degrees C, the optimum pH around 8.0 and optimal activity required 50-100 mM TRIS-HCl buffer, pH 8.0 and 3-7 mM MgCl2; MgCl2 in excess of 10 mM was inhibitory. The activation energy for benzoate was 11.3 kcal/mol. Although growth occurred only with benzoate as a carbon source, the benzoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) ligase formed benzoyl-CoA esters with benzoate, 2-, 3- and 4-fluorobenzoate, picolinate, nicotinate and isonicotinate. Acetate was activated to acetyl-CoA by an acetyl-CoA synthetase. The Km values for benzoate, 2-, 3- and 4-fluorobenzoate were 0.04, 0.28, 1.48 and 0.32 mM, the Vmax values 1.05, 1.0, 0.7 and 0.98 units (U)/mg, respectively. For reduced CoA (CoA-SH) a Km of 0.07 mM and a Vmax of 1.05 U/mg and for ATP a Km of 0.16 mM and a Vmax of 1.08 U/mg was determined. Benzoate activation was inhibited by more than 6 mM ATP, presumably by pyrophosphate generation from ATP. The inhibition constant (Ki) for pyrophosphate was 5.7 mM. No homology of the N-terminal amino acid sequence with that of a 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA ligase of a denitrifying Pseudomonas sp. was found.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of benzoyl-CoA ligase from a syntrophic, benzoate-degrading, anaerobic mixed culture. 136 92

CheY, a key protein in the mechanism of bacterial chemotaxis, is known to interact with the flagellar switch and thereby cause clockwise rotation. This activity of CheY was significantly increased by producing acetyladenylate (AcAMP) within cytoplasm-free bacterial envelopes containing purified CheY. This was achieved by including in the envelopes the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and ATP, and adding acetate externally. The fraction of clockwise-rotating envelopes, tethered to glass by their flagella, increased from 14% to 58% by the presence of AcAMP (or its derivative). In parallel experiments carried out with [14C]acetate under similar conditions, CheY became acetylated: [1-14C]acetate was as effective as [2-14C]acetate in labeling CheY, and ACS-dependent labeling of CheY by [alpha-32P]ATP was not detected. The switch proteins, FliG, FliM, and FliN, isolated to purity, were not acetylated. The acetylation was specific for CheY and dependent on its native conformation. The acetylated form the CheY was estimated to be more active than its nonacetylated form by 4-5 orders of magnitude. Acetylated CheY was stable in the presence of the strong nucleophiles hydroxylamine or ethanolamine, indicative of N-acetylation. There was a correlation between the activity of CheY in vivo and its ability to be acetylated in vitro. Thus, proteins with a single substitution at their active site, CheY57DE and CheY109KR, are not active in vivo and accordingly were not acetylated in vitro; in contrast, the protein CheY13DK is active in vivo and was normally acetylated in vitro. The possibility that CheY acetylation plays a role in bacterial chemotaxis is discussed.
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PMID:Acetyladenylate or its derivative acetylates the chemotaxis protein CheY in vitro and increases its activity at the flagellar switch. 139 Jul 67

The success of the Pap smear in screening for cervical cancer illustrates many of the tenets of screening for disease. Unfortunately, no other gynecologic malignancy shares this success. Detection of most gynecologic malignancies occurs once they have become symptomatic and on clinical examination at the interval cancer-related checkup as recommended by the ACS. These examinations, done yearly in women older than 40 and every 3 years in younger women, can go a long way in the detection of genital tract disease. In detecting vulvar neoplasms, visual inspection of the entire perineum coupled with palpation to include Bartholin's glands and early biopsy of suspicious vulvar lesions promotes earlier diagnosis. Self-examination similar to breast self-examination and increased patient awareness are potential education goals for physicians as well as cancer and medical societies. Vaginal examination at the cancer checkup should continue. The finding that most vaginal cancers are picked up by abnormal cytology while they are still asymptomatic argues strongly for Pap testing after menopause. The knowledge that women who are status posthysterectomy for benign disease are not protected from developing vaginal cancers mandates continued Pap testing in this population as well. Because endometrial cancer is common, primary care physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion. Aspiration biopsy is a simple office-based procedure with low risk and good yield, and any woman in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal period who presents with atypical bleeding patterns should be evaluated. Although not recommended as a general screening test, the ACS does advocate endometrial sampling in the high risk woman at the time of menopause. The greatest challenge to primary care physicians may be the early detection of ovarian cancer. No single test is available, nor is any advocated in screening for this lethal disease. Currently, only periodic physical examination is recommended at the cancer checkup interval. Ultrasound, both transabdominal and transvaginal, may help in detecting adnexal masses, but is not sensitive enough to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. In this setting, and in the patient with suspected ovarian cancer, CA 125 and AFP may be helpful in determining which patients require surgical exploration. Women with positive family histories for ovarian cancer require greater vigilance and close follow-up with serial ultrasound and CA 125 determinations. As the population ages, cancer, which is primarily a disease of age, will continue to increase in incidence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Screening for gynecologic cancer. Vulvar, vaginal, endometrial, and ovarian neoplasms. 141 66

A powerful method of processing MEDLINE and CINAHL source data uploaded to the IBM 3090 mainframe computer through an IBM/PC is described. Data are first downloaded from the CD-ROM's PC devices to floppy disks. These disks then are uploaded to the mainframe computer through an IBM/PC equipped with WordPerfect text editor and computer network connection (SONNGATE). Before downloading, keywords specifying the information to be accessed are typed at the FIND prompt of the CD-ROM station. The resulting abstracts are downloaded into a file called DOWNLOAD.DOC. The floppy disks containing the information are simply carried to an IBM/PC which has a terminal emulation (TELNET) connection to the university-wide computer network (SONNET) at the Ohio State University Academic Computing Services (OSU ACS). The WordPerfect (5.1) processes and saves the text into DOS format. Using the File Transfer Protocol (FTP, 130,000 bytes/s) of SONNET, the entire text containing the information obtained through the MEDLINE and CINAHL search is transferred to the remote mainframe computer for further processing. At this point, abstracts in the specified area are ready for immediate access and multiple retrieval by any PC having network switch or dial-in connection after the USER ID, PASSWORD and ACCOUNT NUMBER are specified by the user. The system provides the user an on-line, very powerful and quick method of searching for words specifying: diseases, agents, experimental methods, animals, authors, and journals in the research area downloaded. The user can also copy the TItles, AUthors and SOurce with optional parts of abstracts into papers under edition. This arrangement serves the special demands of a research laboratory by handling MEDLINE and CINAHL source data resulting after a search is performed with keywords specified for ongoing projects. Since the Ohio State University has a centrally founded mainframe system, the data upload, storage and mainframe operations are free.
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PMID:CD-ROM source data uploaded to the operating and storage devices of an IBM 3090 mainframe through a PC terminal. 145 68

Unknown is the significance of the abnormalities of repolarization observed at rest in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) demonstrated by coronary angiography, except for ischemic episodes, myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, electrolyte changes or pharmacological interactions. The chronic T wave inversion and ST segment depression are usually considered as an alteration due to ischemia ("chronic myocardial ischemia"); this definition is, in our opinion, erroneous, because myocardial ischemia is an acute episode caused by a sudden lack of balance between demand and availability of myocardial oxygen, corresponding to transient electrocardiographic alterations. Thus, the definition of "chronic myocardial ischemia" referred to stable abnormalities of repolarization is incorrect, because a "chronic" lack of balance between MVO2 and O2 availability would produce necessarily irreversible myocardial damage (necrosis). To contribute to the comprehension of the stable ECG changes at rest, we have selected a group of patients with CAD demonstrated by coronary angiography, presenting stable T wave alterations and ST depression at rest. We have studied the main and regional left ventricular function through radionuclide angiocardiography (ACS). Comparing the abnormalities of repolarization (ECG) on the one hand with angio, EFR and VER on the other, we have obtained different positive correlations, according to the functional parameters considered (EFR and VER). In our study, the lowest positive correlation has been noticed comparing ECG versus angio, VER and EFR (37.5%), while the highest correlation was obtained when ECG was considered versus angio and VER (56.25%). Evaluating ECG versus angio and EFR we have obtained a positive correlation equal to 43.75%. So we have deduced that VER is the functional parameter that better relates to angio and ECG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A critical review of the stable changes in ventricular repolarization in ischemic cardiopathy. A correlation with the angiographic findings]. 148 33

[1-14C]Acetylcarnitine was prepared from [1-14C]acetate and L-carnitine using acetyl-CoA synthetase and carnitine acetyltransferase. The product was purified by ion-exchange and thin-layer chromatography. Conversion of [1-14C]acetate to [1-14C]acetylcarnitine was better than 90% and overall recovery of the pure product was greater that 80%.
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PMID:A preparation and purification of [1-14C]acetylcarnitine. 148 81

The ACS RX flow support catheter, which functions as a temporary stent, was placed successfully during four procedures in three patients who had suboptimal results following angioplasty. This investigational device allowed prolonged perfusion and supported the vessel wall when coronary blood flow was compromised, avoiding emergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery during two procedures. In the remaining procedures the device was used as a bridge to surgery. These early applications of the flow support catheter following failed balloon angioplasty suggest a rapid, effective alternative to the autoperfusion balloon when it fails or is contraindicated because of the lesion location.
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PMID:ACS RX flow support catheter as a temporary stent for dissection or occlusion during balloon angioplasty: initial experience. 152 14

To clarify the role of acyl-CoA synthetase in development of obesity, the mRNA levels and activities were studied in Zucker fatty rats (fa/fa). In Zucker fatty rats compared with their lean littermates, marked enhancement of ACS were observed in adipose tissues. Obese/lean rats ratio of ACS activity and mRNA in abdominal subcutaneous fat (3.3- and 3.9-fold, respectively) were greater than in mesenteric fat (2.0- and 2.2-fold). The enhancement of ACS activity and mRNA in the liver of fatty rats (1.2- and 1.8-fold) were less than those in the adipose tissues. There were no enhancement of ACS activities and mRNA levels in heart tissue of the obese rats. LPL mRNA levels were also enhanced in adipose tissue of fatty rats and obese/lean ratio of LPL mRNA was also higher in abdominal subcutaneous fat than mesenteric fat (6.2- vs 3.1-fold). The larger obese/lean rats ratio of LPL and ACS parameters in abdominal subcutaneous fat than mesenteric fat may be related to the observation that the increase of subcutaneous fat weight was larger than that of mesenteric fat weight in fatty rats (21.1- vs 4.9-fold). Integrated enhancement of LPL and ACS gene expression in adipose tissue may play an important role in the development of obesity.
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PMID:Marked enhancement of acyl-CoA synthetase activity and mRNA, paralleled to lipoprotein lipase mRNA, in adipose tissues of Zucker obese rats (fa/fa). 154 33


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