Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Fatty acid, polyketide, and nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic enzymes perform structural modifications upon small molecules that remain tethered to a carrier protein. This manuscript details the design and analysis of cross-linking substrates that are selective for acyl carrier proteins and their cognate condensing enzymes. These inactivators are engineered through a covalent linkage to fatty acid acyl carrier protein via post-translational modification to contain a reactive probe that traps the active site cysteine residue of ketosynthase domains. These proteomic tools are applied to Escherichia coli fatty acid synthase enzymes, where KASI and KASII selectively cross-link ACP-bound epoxide and chloroacrylate moieties. These mechanism-based, protein-protein fusion reagents also demonstrated cross-linking of KASI to type II polyketide ACPs, while nonribosomal peptide carrier proteins showed no reactivity. Similar investigations into protein-protein interactions, proximity effects, and substrate specificities will be required to complete the mechanistic understanding of these pathways.
ACS Chem Biol 2006 Dec 20
PMID:Mechanism-based protein cross-linking probes to investigate carrier protein-mediated biosynthesis. 1718 29

Anthrabenzoxocinones (ABXs) including (-)-ABXs and (+)-ABXs are a group of bacterial FabF-specific inhibitors with potent antimicrobial activity of resistant strains. Optimization of their chemical structures is a promising method to develop potent antibiotics. Through biosynthetic investigation, we herein identified and characterized two highly promiscuous enzymes involved in the (-)-ABX structural modification. The promiscuous halogenase and methyltransferase can respectively introduce halogen-modifications into various positions of the ABX scaffolds and methylation to highly diverse substrates. Manipulation of their activity in both of the (-)-ABXs and (+)-ABXs biosyntheses led to the generation of 14 novel ABX analogues of both enantiomers. Bioactivity assessment revealed that a few of the analogues showed significantly improved antimicrobial activity, with the C3-hydroxyl and chlorine substitutions critical for their activity. This study enormously expands the bioactive chemical space of the ABX family and FabF-specific inhibitors. The disclosed broad-selective biosynthetic machineries and structure-activity relationship provide a solid basis for further generation of potent antimicrobial agents.
ACS Chem Biol 2018 01 19
PMID:Expanding the Bioactive Chemical Space of Anthrabenzoxocinones through Engineering the Highly Promiscuous Biosynthetic Modification Steps. 2922 89