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A pilot survey was performed to determine the presence of known risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Croatian patients with diagnosed coronary heart disease (CHD) using a new questionnaire. The idea was to test this new and very simple questionnaire but also to compare the data collected in this pilot survey with the results of the last Croatian national survey (TASPIC-CRO V) and so to obtain the information whether secondary prevention has improved between 2003 and 2010. 122 patients with established CHD (88 men, 34 women, mean age 66.3 years) treated in Zagreb University Hospital Center were included. Data collection was based on filling the SURF questionnaire right after the clinical exam or later using review of medical records. Patients were hospitalized because of CABG (1%), PCI (8%), ACS (35%) or chronic stable angina (56%). The history of arterial hypertension had 95%patients (however, on admission mean systolic pressure was 130.1 mmHg, diastolic 76.8 mmHg), 90% had dyslipidaemia (total cholesterol <4.5 mmol/L had 43%; <4.0 mmol/L 33%; LDL-cholesterol <2.5 mmol/L 49%; <2.0 mmol/L 32%; HDL>1.2 mmol/L (women) or >1.0 mmol/L (men) had 67%), 25% had diabetes which was poorly regulated (mean HbA1c 8.2%), 18% were active smokers. After discharge only 24% performed cardiac rehabilitation. Mean body mass index of the patients was 28.3 kg/m2 (32% were obese, 72% overweight). Compared to TASPIC-CRO V there was lower usage of aspirin than recommended on discharge. This was also true for statin therapy. More patients were taking beta blockers, calcium antagonists and diuretics than 7 years ago. This pilot survey showed that CRO-SURF questionnaire is short, quick, effective and simple to use. It is a good and cost effective tool to collect data on CVD risk factors and their management. The results obtained by using it indicate that there is still a high prevalence of modifiable risk factors in Croatian patients with CHD.
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PMID:A pilot Croatian survey of risk factor (CRO-SURF) management in patients with cardiovascular disease. 2285 17

Displaced femoral neck fractures are common injuries in the elderly individuals. There is controversy about the best treatment with regard to total hip arthroplasty (THA) versus hemiarthroplasty. This study uses the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database to evaluate the preoperative risk factors associated with the decision to perform THA over hemiarthroplasty. We also evaluate the risk factors associated with postoperative complications after each procedure. Patients older than 50 years undergoing hemiarthroplasty or THA after fracture in the NSQIP database from 2007 to 2010 were compared to each other in terms of preoperative medical conditions, postoperative complications, and length of stay. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to adjust for preoperative risk factors for undergoing a THA versus a hemiarthroplasty and for complications after each procedure. In all, 783 patients underwent hemiarthroplasty and 419 underwent THA for fracture. Hemiarthroplasty patients had longer hospital stays. On multivariate logistic regression, the only significant predictor for having a THA after fracture over hemiarthroplasty was being aged 50 to 64 years. The patient characteristics/comorbidities that favored having a hemiarthroplasty were age >80 years, hemiplegia, being underweight, having a dependent functional status, being on dialysis, and having an early surgery. High body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, gender, and other comorbidities were not predictors of having one procedure over another. Disseminated cancer and diabetes were predictive of complications after THA while being overweight, obese I, or a smoker were protective. High ASA class and do-not-resuscitate status were significant predictors of complications after a hemiarthroplasty. This study identified clinical factors influencing surgeons toward performing either THA or hemiarthroplasty for elderly patients after femoral neck fractures. Younger, healthier patients were more likely to receive THA. Patients particularly at higher risks of complications after hemiarthroplasty should be monitored closely.
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PMID:Preoperative factors and early complications associated with hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures. 2536 Mar 35

Prior studies elucidate a high predictive value of imaging to diagnose appendicitis in small, regional cohorts. This cross-sectional study uniquely analyzes diagnostic imaging in a national appendectomy population. Using the 2016 ACS NSQIP database, positive predictive values (PPVs) for CT, ultrasound (US), and MRI were evaluated using chi-squared tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses considered patient-specific factors. Imaging was performed in 94.63 per cent of 11,841 appendectomy cases; most frequently via CT (78.69%), then combination CT and US (7.52%), US (7.15%), and MRI (0.30%). CT PPV was higher in overweight (98.70%) versus underweight patients (94.85%) (P = 0.01). Gender and age did not impact CT PPV. Imaging from a referral site did not change CT or US PPV. Our study describes imaging frequencies and confirms high PPV. We found imaging equally predictive in women of childbearing age and elderly individuals compared with the general population. Furthermore, repeat scanning is unnecessary with prior positive imaging at outside sites.
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PMID:National Trends in Diagnostic Imaging for Appendicitis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Using NSQIP. 3126 4

Despite the increasing prevalence of overweight or obesity in the global population, most of the approved drugs for obesity are still not ideal for long-term use due to severe cardiovascular and/or neurological side effects. Therefore, we designed a library-implemented virtual screening (VS) approach to discover new anti-obesity agents without significant toxicity. The Bayesian classification and 3D pharmacophore model for the VS process were built by using the screening results of our in-house library of natural piper amide-like compounds, which possess a wide range of biological activities and relatively low toxicities. The VS process identified six compounds of different classes with enhanced inhibitory activities against lipid accumulation and without toxicity. Moreover, the most active compound with an oxadiazole scaffold resulted in weight loss and improved the fatty liver condition of mice with overnutrition in animal experiments.
ACS Omega 2020 Mar 03
PMID:Identification of a New Chemotype of Anti-Obesity Compounds by Ensemble Screening. 3214 64