Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.1 (ACS)
 78,556 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. According to ACS and NCl guidelines, women should begin screening mammography with a baseline film between 35 and 39 years of age. She should then maintain routine mammography screening per the guidelines. 2. Twenty-five percent of women diagnosed with breast cancer have known risk factors. 3. Further investigation of the effectiveness of worksite mammography and mobile mammography vans is needed. 4. Occupational health nurses are in an optimal position to increase the level of current mammography usage.
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PMID:Mammography: role of the occupational health nurse. 811 Mar 2

In a recent AUA/ACS scientific seminar, experts on prostate cancer met to present and discuss information concerning the detection and treatment of early-stage prostate cancer. This article provides an overview of the major topics covered, including perspectives on the problem, proposed clinical studies, diagnosis and prognostic factors, treatment studies, cancer control, and future directions.
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PMID:Report on the American Urologic Association/American Cancer Society scientific seminar on the detection and treatment of early-stage prostate cancer. 812 8

The 13C off-resonance rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation technique is applicable to the study of protein rotational diffusion behavior in a variety of experimental situations. The original formalism of James and co-workers (1978) (J. Am. Chem. Soc. Vol. 100, pp. 3590-3594) incorporated random isotropic reorientational motion of a rigid spherical rotor with no provision for backbone or side-chain carbonyl group internal motion. Here we demonstrate that the failure to include such internal motion may lead to erroneous rotational correlation time determinations for overall reorientational motion. The effect becomes severe for protein molecular masses in excess of 100 kD. Inclusion of both backbone and side-chain carbonyl carbon internal motion, using reasonable parameters derived from the literature [R. Levy and M. Karplus (1979), Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 65, pp. 4-11; G. Careri, P. Fasella, and E. Gratton (1975), Critical Reviews in Biochemistry, Vol. 3, pp. 141-164; G. Lipari, A. Szabo, and R. LEvy (1982), Nature, Vol. 300, pp. 197-198], plus corrections for anisotropic tumbling [C. F. Morgan, T. Schleich, G. H. Caines, and D. Michael (1990), Biopolymers, Vol. 29, pp. 469-480] and microscopic viscosity [S. H. Koenig (1980), ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 127, pp. 157-176], leads to reliable values for the correlation time describing overall protein reorientation up to molecular masses of approximately 1000 kD.
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PMID:Assessment of protein rotational diffusion by 13C off-resonance rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation: effect of backbone and side-chain internal motion. 821 25

Stent migration and embolization are well-known complications of intracoronary stenting with balloon-mounted stents. During an elective stenting procedure of a proximal right coronary artery stenosis, a 3.5 mm Wiktor stent (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis) was displaced from its delivery balloon. The guiding catheter and the delivery system were withdrawn, leaving the stent around a 3 m 0.014 inch High Torque floppy guidewire (ACS, Santa Clara, CA) in the abdominal aorta. An 40 cm 5F Alligator Forceps catheter (Cook OB/Gyn., Spencer, IN), introduced through a cut-off 8F coronary guiding catheter, allowed improved torque control of the retrieval catheter and a safe and successful withdrawal of the stent through the arterial introducer sheet.
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PMID:Retrieval of a migrated coronary stent by means of an alligator forceps catheter. 822 73

In the US, the remarkable decline in the incidence of gastric cancer during the mid-portion of this century has leveled off during the last two decades as an equally remarkable and poorly understood increase in the percentage of the generally more unfavorable cardia cancers has become apparent. The importance of H. pylori infection is being actively investigated and treatment to reduce the infection may offer a means of decreasing the disease, particularly in areas of high incidence. The potential danger of inciting gastric cancer by the prolonged use of drugs that severely reduce or eliminate gastric acid has been mentioned, but the degree of risk must await the passage of years before it can be properly evaluated. "Early gastric cancer" or, probably more appropriately, "superficial gastric adenocarcinoma" continues to comprise a relatively small segment of gastric cancers in the US and most Western countries. Seventeen per cent of cases in the ACS series were classified as stage I, a much higher incidence than reported for early gastric cancer in most individual North American series. The ACS report suggests "special education of the surgeon in the requisites for adequate gastrectomy with node dissection, coupled with effective adjuvant therapy" as a means of improving results in the US. This is a significant consideration because, unfortunately, gastric surgery for ulcer or cancer no longer plays the important role it did in past decades in many US surgical training programs. As has been demonstrated in Japan and in certain larger US series, excellent surgical technique, particularly for cardia tumors, plays an important role in obtaining improved results. The value of radical lymph node dissection continues to be controversial in US cases, and a successful chemotherapeutic regimen has yet to be found. Subtotal gastric resection, as noted in the ACS report, continues to be the procedure of choice in the US for most gastric cancers, even for cardia cancers. Although there is no improvement in survival, quality of life is thought by some to be better after total gastrectomy for cardia cancers rather than proximal subtotal esophagogastrectomy. However, equally important for improved survival is the ACS recommendation of earlier referral for gastric surgery patients with precursor lesions, but the lack of improvement in the pathological stage of disease in the two ACS time periods suggests that little progress is being made in this country in this regard.
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PMID:A current view of gastric cancer in the US. 823 72

ICRF-193, a bis-(2,6-dioxopiperazine) derivative and a non-cleavable-complex-forming-type topoisomerase II inhibitor, inhibited cell division but allowed cells to traverse the cell cycle, leading to the accumulation of polyploid cells with 8C complements or more of DNA. Analysis of the mechanism of how cell division is inhibited by ICRF-193 revealed that: (1) replication of DNA was inhibited only at terminal stages; (2) CDC2 kinase was activated and cells enter absence-of-chromosome-segregation ('ACS') M-phase, where chromosomes are not fully condensed and are not separated, but other mitotic events, such as nuclear-envelope breakdown and cytoskeletal reorganization forming the spindle apparatus, take place, i.e. chromosome dynamics could be uncoupled from the other mitotic events which are normally co-ordinated with the former in mitosis; (3) cells successfully exit from mitosis to the next G1-phase to continue the cell cycle; (4) progression through 'ACS' M-phase appears to be lethal to the cells. All of these observations could be accounted for by inactivation of topoisomerase II activity of the cells caused by the drug. ICRF-193 was thus shown to be a valuable agent in elucidation of the role of topoisomerase II in genetic processes in vivo.
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PMID:Role of DNA topoisomerase II in chromosome dynamics in mammalian cells. 825 Nov 15

Trauma patients have been identified as a high-risk group for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, particularly those patients with penetrating injuries from urban violence. We prospectively evaluated more than 2,000 trauma patients for HIV infection at our ACS-certified trauma center and report the results. Between September 1987 and December 1991, 2,004 patients were admitted to our trauma unit. All patients underwent HIV antibody assay by protocol. Three patients had positive test results, and all were confirmed as true positives. Two patients were known at the time of their trauma to be HIV positive, and the third had engaged in high-risk behavior. No health care worker reported inoculation with or mucosal exposure to HIV from any of these patients. In our trauma unit, the prevalence of HIV infection was only 0.15%. More than $74,000 was spent on screening without demonstrable benefit to the patients or increased protection for the trauma team. Routine testing of patients for HIV can be justified to establish epidemiologic parameters and in the case of high-risk groups, but it is not cost-effective in low-risk groups. Persistent testing of populations at low risk is a futile expenditure of precious health care dollars and is of questionable utility.
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PMID:The questionable utility of mandatory screening for the human immunodeficiency virus. 827 48

Two random access immunoassay analysers, the ACS-180 (Ciba Corning) and the AIA-1200 (Tosoh Corp.) were compared with respect to performance and user-friendliness. Precision studies revealed an almost equal intra-assay variation coefficient, but day-to-day reproducibility was better on the AIA-1200. Recovery of dilution series of tumour markers was too high with the ACS-180. Both systems were free from carry-over effects, on account of the extra wash step in the ACS-180 (for thyrotropin, carcinoembryonic antigen and human chorionic gonadotropin) and the separate pipetting tip in the AIA-1200. Reagent stability is better in the AIA-1200 than in the ACS-180. The AIA-1200 is more user-friendly and produces a higher throughput than the ACS-180 in daily routine operation (92 results/hour vs. 78 results/hour).
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PMID:Comparison of the automated random access immunoassay analysers, ACS-180 (Ciba Corning) and AIA-1200 (Tosoh). 829 71

Several reports have suggested that the reduction of intra-abdominal visceral fat after physical exercise is more prominent than that of subcutaneous fat. We compared some parameters in mesenteric and subcutaneous fats between sedentary and exercised rats (treadmill running; 10-20 m/min, 60 min/day, 7 days). Tissue weight and cell volume were decreased in mesenteric fat by the exercise. The exercise reduced activity and mRNA levels of acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS; 67 and 26% of those of the sedentary group, respectively), mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL; 49% of those of the sedentary group), and GLUT-4 (38% of those of the sedentary group) in the mesenteric fat. In contrast, all of these parameters did not change significantly in the subcutaneous fat. Gastrocnemius muscle was heavier in exercised rats. ACS activity was elevated in the gastrocnemius muscle of the exercised rats (137% of those of sedentary group), although mRNA levels of ACS, LPL, and GLUT-4 did not change in the muscle by the exercise. These observations suggest that mesenteric fat may contribute to switching of distribution of plasma energy flux, including lipid and glucose, from fat tissue to muscle in physical exercise.
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PMID:Marked reduction of acyl-CoA synthetase activity and mRNA in intra-abdominal visceral fat by physical exercise. 833 53

The effective flow rates with human blood through an autoperfusion catheter cannot be monitored in vivo and have not been experimentally determined in vitro. The manufacturers (Advanced Cardiovascular Systems [ACS], Temecula, CA) have suggested that "the flow rate" through the Stack over the wire and the RX-60 monorail catheter is 60 ml/min with a pressure gradient of 80 mmHg. We measured human blood flow rates in vitro through these catheters under different continuous pressure regimens (between 40 and 120 mmHg), with varying hematocrit levels (between 25% and 62%). Measured blood flows at a gradient of 80 mmHg were found to vary from 32 to 65 cc/min, with hematocrit levels of 62-25%. Minor variations in the circuitry, besides the viscosity of the medium, cause significant changes in observed flow rates (such as kinking of the catheter and blood sedimentation). In vitro determinations of blood flows cannot automatically be transferred to the in vivo condition, primarily because in vitro determinations do not account for the systolic intramural pressure increase (which may overcome the aortic pressure). If such a phenomenon is also considered, then the in vitro flow rates reported here should be multiplied by a factor of 0.40-0.60 to determine effective in vivo flow rates. Such information is relevant for the clinical operator of angioplasty, especially in the treatment of patients at high risk for undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
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PMID:In vitro evaluation of blood flow through autoperfusion balloon catheters. 840 68


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