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Query: EC:6.2.1.1 (ACS)
 78,556 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Generation of oxygen free radicals at the time of reperfusion has been implicated as a major causative factor for myocardial reperfusion injury. In order to examine if oxygen free radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) in human plasma prevent reperfusion injury with successful thrombolysis and limit infarct size, we studied the relationship between infarct size and plasma SOD activity in 25 patients received thrombolytic therapy in antero-septal acute myocardial infarction. Plasma SOD activities were measured by the nitrate method. There was no variance in plasma SOD activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction before and after thrombolysis. Infarct size was evaluated by using % abnormally contracting segments (% ACS) correlation with % ACS (r = -0.58, p less than 0.05) in 17 patients with successful thrombolysis. This significant correlation was still shown in 14 patients without collaterals before recanalization (r = -0.56, p less than 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between plasma SOD activities and % ACS in 8 patients with a complete occlusion after thrombolysis (r = -0.081). These results showed that human plasma SOD prevent the reperfusion injury and limit the infarct size in patients with successful thrombolysis and imply that the generation of free radical at the time of reperfusion results in myocardial reperfusion injury.
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PMID:Human plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity on reperfusion injury with successful thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. 273 45

Although most authors use it as the reference instrument for respiratory gases measurement, the use of mass-spectrometer in clinical routine in ICU and in anesthesia remains quite limited. We developed a fully automatically controlled system, carrying on a twinned goal: The ACS-2000 (Automatic Calibration System) turns the Airspec MGA-2000 mass-spectrometer into a true clinical instrument, as easy to use as any routine monitoring instrument, and lets the clinician and the anesthetist benefit from its uncomparable metrological performances. PAMS-M, multibed monitoring system, shares the mass-spectrometer time among 4 to 8 rooms, providing each anesthetist with full composition of inspired and end tidal gases composition, trend evolution of those data, as with the display of capnogram. Each room is equipped with an IBM PC compatible intelligent terminal, abling the user to select the nature of the displayed information and enter into an easy menu driven dialog with the system. As a subproduct, the informatic infrastructure on which the system is based allowed, beyond the standard monitoring function, to set the bases of a computerized patient's anesthesia or respiratory monitoring report.
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PMID:Turning the mass-spectrometer into an easy to handle clinical instrument for routine multipatient surveillance of respiratory and anesthetic gases during anesthesia. 310

Progressive rod-cone degeneration (prcd) is a recessively inherited visual cell disease. Neither the genetic abnormality nor the corresponding biochemical defect have yet been identified. Unique abnormalities of visual cell structure, function and renewal, however, characterize the disease phenotype and act as a marker for the prcd gene. The disease was first described in miniature poodle dogs (MP) but broadly similar retinal degenerations have been recognized, clinically, in other breeds. Crossbreeding experiments with prcd-affected MP and retinal degenerate English (ECS) and American (ACS) cocker spaniels now demonstrate that all the progeny are affected with a retinal degeneration indistinguishable from prcd in the MP. This indicates that the gene mutation in each breed is at the same (prcd) locus. In purebred prcd-affected ECS (prcd-ECS), however, the disease phenotype consistently differs from that in prcd-MP in its rate of progression and in the topographical distribution of disease within the retina. Ultrastructural variation in disease expression are also recognizable between the two phenotypes. These differences in disease phenotype may be ascribable to different genetic backgrounds in the two breeds, reflecting the effect of modifying genes, or may indicate separate, allelic, mutations at the same locus.
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PMID:Variation in retinal degeneration phenotype inherited at the prcd locus. 316 73

The survey reported here was undertaken to determine how many people would schedule a sigmoidoscopy after being informed by letter about the American Cancer Society's (ACS's) recommendations for colorectal screening. Letters (1,024) were sent to all patients aged over 50 years who were registered in a community-based family practice residency program. Four hundred twenty-nine responded. Of those who responded, 16.8 percent indicated interest in a rectal examination, 21 percent were interested in testing their stool for occult blood, 13.1 percent desired a sigmoidoscopy, and 11.7 percent indicated that they had previously had a sigmoidoscopy. The following reasons were given by responders who were not interested in sigmoidoscopy: 42 percent felt good and did not perceive a need, 31 percent were concerned about cost, 12.1 percent were concerned about discomfort, and 8.6 percent stated fear as a reason for their response. Of the 56 patients who indicated interest in a sigmoidoscopy, 10 patients had the procedure done (flexible 60-cm sigmoidoscope). Although the ACS recommends that everyone aged over 50 years have a sigmoidoscopy, few patients in this population who responded have had the procedure done. Encouragement and education for patients in colorectal screening, however, is worthwhile. Two colorectal carcinomas were detected as a result of this survey.
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PMID:Patient response to sigmoidoscopy recommendations via mailed reminders. 317 90

Extreme obesity and leanness are risk factors for many types of cancer. An earlier American Cancer Society study (1959-1972) found a nearly twofold increased risk for death from all causes in men and women who weighed 40% or more above average for their age and height, and found elevated cancer rates as well. A new (1982), ongoing ACS prospective study of 1.2 million men and women continues to find increased death rates from all causes and from cancer in the very heavy and the very lean. Artificial sweetener (AS) use is an important correlate of relative weight in this population. The relationship between weight change during the year preceding enrollment and AS usage was studied in a highly homogeneous subgroup of 78694 women ages 50-69 years. The percentage of users increased with body mass index (BMI) and was inversely related to age. Users were significantly more likely than non-users to gain weight, regardless of initial BMI. Among those who gained weight, the average number of lbs gained by AS users was higher (by 0.5-1.5 lb) than the amount gained by non-users. Within the entire cohort, AS users of both sexes ate chicken, fish and vegetables significantly more often than did non-users and consumed beef, butter, white bread, potatoes, ice cream and chocolate significantly less often, suggesting that our weight change results are not explicable by differences in food consumption patterns.
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PMID:Patterns of artificial sweetener use and weight change in an American Cancer Society prospective study. 319 Feb 21

Nearly all cancers, with the exception of lung cancer, are amenable to screening in the primary care office. For many of these tumors, appropriate screening holds greater promise than improved cures for decreasing mortality rates. Screening of asymptomatic patients can be associated with significant costs, both financial and emotional. Excessively rigorous screening efforts can alienate patients from the concept of early diagnosis and may even cause them to avoid seeking other needed medical care. Failure to screen adequately may result in unnecessary loss of life from potentially curable tumors. Because of the complexities involved in carrying out adequate randomized controlled trials of various cancer-screening methods, recommendations must necessarily be based on incomplete information. Although there is room for disagreement among authors and organizations formulating screening plans, the recommendations of the ACS were selected and reproduced in this article. A review of other recommendations is available.
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PMID:Screening and diagnosis of cancer in office practice. 329 22

The biochemical defect in the mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines Clone 13 (Briles, E. B., Li, E., and Kornfeld, S. (1977). J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1107-1116) and Lec8 (Stanley, P. (1980) ACS Symp. Ser. 128, 214-221) was examined. These two mutants, which belong to the same genetic complementation group, were shown in previous studies to exhibit an 80-90% reduction in galactosylation and sialylation of proteins and lipids when compared to wild-type cells. The same studies, however, demonstrated that the mutants were not deficient in the corresponding sugar nucleotides, glycosyltransferases, and endogenous acceptors for these transferases. We now provide evidence strongly suggesting that the primary defect in Lec8 and Clone 13 cells is their inability to translocate UDP-galactose into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus. Golgi vesicles from Lec8 and Clone 13 CHO glycosylation mutants translocate in vitro UDP-galactose at only 3-5% the rate of vesicles from wild-type CHO cells. The deficiency is specific because vesicles from the mutant cells can translocate adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine at rates comparable to those of vesicles from wild-type cells. These studies also suggest that sugar nucleotides sharing a common uridine nucleotide utilize different translocators present in the Golgi membrane in vivo. The consequence of the above-described mutations and the resulting block in galactosylation of macromolecules in vivo on the translocation of CMP-sialic acid into the Golgi lumen was also examined. As expected, Golgi apparatus vesicles from Lec8 cells were unable to incorporate sialic acid into (endogenous) macromolecules. However, the vesicles were able to transport CMP-sialic acid into their lumen, although the rate of translocation was only 17% of that of wild-type-derived Golgi vesicles.
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PMID:Mechanism of galactosylation in the Golgi apparatus. A Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant deficient in translocation of UDP-galactose across Golgi vesicle membranes. 351 Feb 3

The AANS and CNS support the concept of organized neurosurgical trauma care consisting of the appropriate combination of prepared communities and institutions and of adequate numbers of committed neurosurgeons. Furthermore, we support the guidelines of the ACS regarding institutions designated to receive trauma patients, and support the concept of prehospital triage of trauma victims based upon well-trained EMS personnel guided by criteria selected by the local neurosurgical community. We support audit systems that include neurosurgeons to assess and improve the quality of neurotrauma care. By using the principles outlined above, neurosurgeons can plan, support, and evaluate whatever system their community or region requires for the optimal care of the neurotrauma patient.
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PMID:Neurotrauma care and the neurosurgeon: a statement from the Joint Section on Trauma of the AANS and CNS. 366 51

Fibrinogen adsorption on polymers from blood may mediate or potentiate thrombosis because of its involvement in both the intrinsic clotting system and the formation of platelet aggregates. While the kinetics of fibrinogen adsorption from plasma in vitro have previously been found to be very different on polar and nonpolar surfaces [T. A Horbett, "The kinetics of adsorption of plasma proteins to a series of hydrophilic-hydrophobic copolymers," ACS Org. Coat. Plas. Chem. 40, 642-646 (1979)] the significance of this difference with respect to thrombogenesis in vivo has not been clarified. In this study, the kinetics of deposition of baboon 125I fibrinogen from plasma in vitro or from blood in vivo on a series of polymers was measured. The polymers chosen for this study had previously been found to have a large range in surface polarity and reactivity in the in vivo baboon shunt model. The kinetics of fibrinogen adsorption in vitro were observed to be of three types, depending on the polymer: high initial adsorption decreasing to a lower steady state value; constant throughout the time course; low initial adsorption rising steadily to a plateau value. In vivo, fibrinogen deposition kinetics were of two types: low, constant deposition throughout the time course, independent of heparinization; low deposition initially followed by a second phase of greatly increased deposition (probably as fibrin) which was prevented or greatly decreased by heparinizing the animals. Polymers for which fibrinogen adsorption increased to a plateau in vitro were found to have a heparin inhibitable second phase of enhanced in vivo fibrinogen deposition. These polymers also have been found in previous studies to enhance the rate of platelet destruction when used as in vivo shunts on baboons. Conversely, most polymers with high initial in vitro fibrinogen adsorption followed by a decrease had low fibrinogen deposition behavior in vivo and were also minimally destructive of platelets. The adsorption kinetics of fibrinogen to polymers from blood in vivo and in vitro and the consumption of platelets in vivo induced by the polymers all vary with polymer polarity. More polar polymers had in vitro fibrinogen kinetics characterized by a rise to a plateau, in vivo fibrinogen deposition characterized by a second stage of great increase inhibitable by heparin, and enhanced platelet consumption. The correlation of three separate indicators of surface thrombogenicity with surface polarity suggests that more polar materials may be more thrombogenic because of an influence on the way in which fibrinogen interacts with these surfaces.
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PMID:The kinetics of baboon fibrinogen adsorption to polymers: in vitro and in vivo studies. 372 13

The CANS supports the concept of organized neurological trauma care consisting of an appropriate amalgamation of prepared communities, institutions, and adequate numbers of committed neurosurgeons. It further supports the guidelines of the ACS regarding institutions designated to receive trauma cases. It opposes mandatory uncompensated limitations on practice imposed by trauma institutions. It supports the concept of prehospital triage of trauma victims as conducted by well-trained field personnel and reasonable triage criteria agreed upon by the local neurosurgical community. It further supports audit systems that include neurosurgeons to assess and improve the quality of neurosurgical care.
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PMID:California Association of Neurological Surgeons' Emergency Services Committee report: guidelines for establishment of trauma centers. 376 Sep 70


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