Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Nucleic acid binding proteins (NABPs) mediate a broad range of essential cellular functions. However, it is very challenging to comprehensively extract whole cellular NABPs due to the lack of approaches with high efficiency. To this end, carbon nanomaterials, including graphene oxide (GO), carboxylated graphene (cG), and carboxylated carbon nanotube (cCNT), were utilized to extract cellular NABPs in this study through a new strategy. Our data demonstrated that GO, cG, and cCNT could extract nearly 100% cellular DNA in vitro. Conversely, their RNA extraction efficiencies were 60, 50, and 29%, respectively, partially explaining why GO has the highest NABPs yield compared to cG and cCNT. We further found that ionic bond mediated by cations between RNA and functional groups of nanomaterials facilitated RNA absorption on nanomaterials. About 2400 proteins were successfully identified from GO-enriched NABPs sample, and 88% of annotated NABPs were enriched at least 2 times compared to cell lysate, indicating the high selectivity of our strategy. The developed method was further applied to compare the NABPs in two lung cancer cell lines with different tumor progression abilities. According to label-free quantification results, 118 differentially expressed NABPs were discovered and 6 candidate NABPs, including ACAA2, GTF2I, VIM, SAMHD1, LYAR, and IGF2BP1, were successfully validated by immunoassay. The level of SAMHD1 in the serum of lung cancer patients was measured, which significantly increased upon cancer progression. Our results collectively demonstrated that GO is an ideal nanomaterial for NABPs selective extraction, which could be broadly used in varied physiological and pathophysiological settings.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018 May 30
PMID:Graphene Oxide-Facilitated Comprehensive Analysis of Cellular Nucleic Acid Binding Proteins for Lung Cancer. 2972 57

Artificial selection towards a desired phenotype/trait has modified the genomes of livestock dramatically that generated breeds that greatly differ in morphology, production and environmental adaptation traits. Angus cattle are among the famous cattle breeds developed for superior beef quality. This paper aimed at exploring genomic regions under selection in Angus cattle that are associated with meat quality traits and other associated phenotypes. The whole genome of 10 Angus cattle was compared with 11 Hanwoo (A-H) and 9 Jersey (A-J) cattle breeds using a cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR) statistical method. The top 1% of the empirical distribution was taken as significant and annotated using UMD3.1. As a result, 255 and 210 genes were revealed under selection from A-H and A-J comparisons, respectively. The WebGestalt gene ontology analysis resulted in sixteen (A-H) and five (A-J) significantly enriched KEGG pathways. Several pathways associated with meat quality traits (insulin signaling, type II diabetes mellitus pathway, focal adhesion pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction), and feeding efficiency (olfactory transduction, tight junction, and metabolic pathways) were enriched. Genes affecting beef quality traits (e.g., FABP3, FTO, DGAT2, ACS, ACAA2, CPE, TNNI1), stature and body size (e.g., PLAG1, LYN, CHCHD7, RPS20), fertility and dystocia (e.g., ESR1, RPS20, PPP2R1A, GHRL, PLAG1), feeding efficiency (e.g., PIK3CD, DNAJC28, DNAJC3, GHRL, PLAG1), coat color (e.g., MC1-R) and genetic disorders (e.g., ITGB6, PLAG1) were found to be under positive selection in Angus cattle. The study identified genes and pathways that are related to meat quality traits and other phenotypes of Angus cattle. The findings in this study, after validation using additional or independent dataset, will provide useful information for the study of Angus cattle in particular and beef cattle in general.
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PMID:Deciphering signature of selection affecting beef quality traits in Angus cattle. 2989 1