Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.1 (ACS)
 78,556 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ACS National Prostate Cancer Detection Project was established in 1987 to demonstrate the feasibility of early detection as a cancer control strategy for prostate cancer. Ten years later, the compliance results suggest that early detection programs can achieve long-term participation in a healthy population.
CA Cancer J Clin
PMID:The American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project and National patterns of prostate cancer detection and treatment. 931 21

In summary, the 1997 revision of the ACS guideline for the early detection of prostate cancer is based on knowledge gained by a critical analysis of experience since the original version of 1992. This is only a milestone along a continuous journey rather than being the final destination. Other revisions will be considered when new knowledge becomes available, but for the present, this guideline is offered to health care professionals seeking to provide optimal care to asymptomatic men at risk for prostate cancer.
CA Cancer J Clin
PMID:American Cancer Society guideline for the early detection of prostate cancer: update 1997. 931 20

The enactment of an effective national tobacco control policy is a needed first step toward reducing smoking, controlling the tobacco industry, and significantly reducing tobacco-related disease and death. Dr. Seffrin, Chief Executive Officer of the American Cancer Society, outlines the critical public health measures that the ACS is working to see included in comprehensive federal tobacco control legislation.
CA Cancer J Clin
PMID:The politics of addiction: status of the tobacco settlement. 952 23

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of cancer affecting the kidney. There is currently no biochemical marker for this disease. We have shown that serum-immunoreactive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, as measured by the two-site Ciba-Corning ACS:180 immunochemiluminometric assay, are elevated in women with RCC. Although the levels were low (0.13-0.89 microgram/l), serum PSA was clearly measurable prior to surgery in 13 of 17 women (76%) with RCC. Significantly, the PSA levels fell to undetectable after nephrectomy. Seventeen normal women also had undetectable (<0. 1 microgram/l) PSA levels. Two women, who had several serum PSA measurements performed postoperatively, showed a t(1/2) of 2-3 days equivalent to that observed for PSA in men following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. The 17 RCCs evaluated in this study consisted of 10 stage A, 4 stage B, and 3 stage C tumors. There was no relationship between tumor size, stage, or serum-immunoreactive PSA level, although the majority of these tumors are low grade. We have shown by reverse transcription-PCR, using PCR primers directed to the NH2 terminal coding region of the KLK3 (PSA) gene and the closely related KLK1 and KLK2 genes, that these genes are not expressed in these tumors. Our findings show, however, that elevated levels of a circulating PSA-like protein are present in women with RCC.
Clin Cancer Res 1997 Aug
PMID:A prostate-specific antigen-like protein associated with renal cell carcinoma in women. 981 28

An increase in the proportion of advanced malignancies among rural residents has been noted and may be due to a combination of factors, including availability of screening services, demographic characteristics, and access to health care facilities. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 33 nonmetropolitan Iowa counties among randomly selected middle-aged farm and rural nonfarm adults to compare utilization of cancer early detection services. A total of 1,126 adults in 600 farm households and 1,092 adults in 589 rural nonfarm households provided information through a 155-item in-home interview. Differences in income, age, and health insurance coverage (including preventive services) between the farm and nonfarm study populations were found. Although farm men were less likely to have had a checkup during the past year than men in the nonfarm population, no difference was found for women. Overall, differences in screening behaviors were small. Larger differences between both populations were observed for use of mammograms, prostate examinations among men age 50 and older, use of sigmoidoscopy among women age 50 and older, and skin cancer examinations among both sexes. When controlling for demographic characteristics and insurance coverage, members of the farm and rural nonfarm population were equally likely to use multiple screenings according to ACS guidelines. Because of the increased risk of breast cancer, interventions aimed at increasing utilization of mammography among women age 50 and older should be implemented. Although the farm population was more likely to use skin examinations, prevalence should be increased substantially to counteract the continuing rise in skin cancer.
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PMID:Utilization of cancer early detection services among farm and rural nonfarm adults in Iowa. 1016 63

A public health agenda for cancer prevention and control is presented that is based upon scientific evidence from epidemiologic studies. This agenda gives priority to primary prevention focused upon tobacco, diet, sexual activity, alcohol, sunlight, and physical activity. In addition, secondary prevention or screening is discussed, comparing ACS guidelines and NCI statements. The immediate task for public health is to develop cancer prevention programs that will eliminate the disparity in cancer morbidity and mortality across racial and ethnic groups and reduce risk in all segments of the population.
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PMID:Cancer prevention and control: a science-based public health agenda. 1018 64

Breast cancer has been increasing at an alarming rate and is considered to be of epidemic proportions in the United States, with current estimates indicating that 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer during their lifetimes, according to Breast Cancer Facts and Figures, 1997, by the American Cancer Society [ACS]. In spite of the advances in technology to improve early diagnosis and an increased emphasis on education to promote awareness of early detection, 46,000 women die annually. A significant number of these losses could be prevented through risk reduction measures, yet many women do not practice breast self-exam (BSE) or receive adequate clinical screening. The purpose of this integrative review is to provide an analysis of the barriers to breast cancer screening with recommendations for future research. The studies will be categorized using the three modalities for breast cancer screening, mammography, clinical breast exam (CBE) and BSE. Demographic variables that impede breast cancer screening will be integrated into each section. The evidence is clear that in spite of breast cancer screening guidelines, increased awareness and access to mammography screening, women in the United States are not being screened adequately. Recommendations for future research will be included.
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PMID:Barriers to breast cancer screening: an integrative review. 1102 49

Autologous cancer-specific bulk CTLs are unlikely to be induced by in vitro CTL generation (ivtCTLG) using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cancer patients when autologous cancer cells are used as in vitro stimulators. However, autologous cancer-specific bulk CTLs are frequently activated when allogeneic cancer cells are used as in vitro stimulators, regardless of the type of cancer cell. We have developed a cancer-specific immunotherapy called modified CTL therapy, which involves adoptive immunotherapy of autologous cancer-specific bulk CTLs after active immunization of autologous or allogeneic cancer cells screened as in vitro stimulators according to their ability to induce autologous cancer-specific CTLs (ACS. CTLs). Cancer did not regress in patients in whom ACS.CTLs were not induced by ivtCTLG using the patients' PBMCs in therapy. Cancer regression, albeit temporary, occurred solely in patients under the immunological condition that ACS.CTLs were induced by ivtCTLG using PBMCs through the therapy. The induction of ACS.CTLs by ivtCTLG using patient PBMCs in therapy was related to patients' HLA class II antigens. HLA DR8 was seen more frequently in ACS.CTL-inducible patients than in ACS.CTL-uninducible patients (P=0.051). On the contrary, HLA DQ3 was seen more frequently in ACS.CTL-uninducible patients (P=0.055). On the other hand, the success in therapy, albeit temporary, was related mainly to patients' HLA class I antigens. HLA B61 was seen more frequently in patients whose therapy proved effective than in patients whose therapy proved ineffective (P=0.018). HLA Cw7 was seen more frequently in therapy-ineffective patients (P=0.040).
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PMID:Cancer regression induced by modified CTL therapy is regulated by HLA class II and class I antigens in Japanese patients with advanced cancer. 1107 95

Recently, highly sensitive prostate specific antigen (PSA) kits have been developed and reported to be useful for the early identification of a chemical relapse. However, if the measurement time was short and the cost low, such an assay kit should be sufficient for cancer screening when dealing with a large number of samples. The One Step PSA test uses an immunochromatographic method to qualitatively, not quantitatively, judge a positive or negative result. We confirmed the sensitivity of the kit using purified PSA. Serum specimens from 147 men with or without prostate diseases were tested using the kit. PSA concentration of each serum specimen was independently measured by a quantitative ACS-PSA2 EIA kit (Chiron, cut-off: 2.1 ng/ml). The sensitivity of this kit was determined to be 4 ng/ml. All 33 samples with a value of greater than 4 ng/ml were clearly positive. Of the 94 samples with values less than 4 ng/ml, nine were judged as positive. The remaining 85 cases were judged as completely negative. These results indicate that the sensitivity of the One Step PSA test is 100% and the specificity is 90.4%. Tests using this kit can be easily performed at outpatient clinics or elsewhere. This kit is useful for initial cancer screening, because results can be obtained within 15 min and at a cost lower than that of ordinary PSA kits.
Cancer Lett 2001 Jan 26
PMID:Evaluation of a rapid qualitative prostate specific antigen assay, the One Step PSA(TM) test. 1114 17

Recently, a fully automated method has become commercially available to measure the MUC-1-associated antigen CA27.29. The present investigation was performed in order to compare CA27.29 and CA15.3 in a wide series of patients affected with breast cancer. Overall, 603 cases with breast cancer and 194 healthy controls were investigated. Patients were enrolled in 4 institutions, while assays were performed in one laboratory. CA27.29 was measured by the ACS:180 BR assay (Bayer Diagnostics) and CA15.3 by the AxSYM (Abbott Laboratories). An excellent correlation was found between the results obtained by the two methods. The two markers showed comparable results in healthy controls, with higher levels in post-menopausal than in pre-menopausal subjects. The markers were significantly higher in primary breast cancer than in controls. The areas under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves of the two tests were comparable, but CA27.29 showed better sensitivity in cases with low antigen concentrations (below the cut-off point). Accordingly, when comparing each test in different stage categories, significance levels of the differences were higher for CA27.29 than for CA15.3 for all T categories versus healthy controls, for pT1 versus pT2, for all N categories versus healthy controls and for node-negative versus N1-3 patients. From the results of the present study, that has been performed on samples taken at diagnosis and prior to any treatment from the widest series of patients with primary breast cancer reported so far, we can draw the following conclusions: CA27.29 provides comparable results to CA15.3; CA27.29 seems more sensitive than CA15.3 to limited variations of tumour extension; however, it cannot help clinicians in distinguishing stage I patients from stage II patients. However, from the point of view of clinical decision making, CA27.29 provides comparable results to CA15.3. CA27.29 is therefore suitable for routine use in the management of patients with breast cancer.
Eur J Cancer 2001 Feb
PMID:CA27.29: a valuable marker for breast cancer management. A confirmatory multicentric study on 603 cases. 1123 57


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