Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:5.99.1.2 (topoisomerase)
 9,166 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have purified to homogeneity the primer recognition proteins (PRP) from human HeLa cells. PRP is associated with DNA polymerase alpha complex in HeLa cells. Purified PRP is free of DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and delta, deoxyribonuclease, DNA primase, ATPase, topoisomerase, and DNA ligase activities. The protein structure of the PRP was defined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, which revealed two polypeptides of 36,000 Da (PRP 1) and 41,000 Da (PRP 2). The two polypeptides are associated in a complex in the native state. The Stokes radius of the PRP complex by gel filtration is 40.5 A and the sedimentation coefficient in glycerol gradients is 5.7 S. Purified PRP, which exhibits no DNA polymerase activity, completely restores the activity of DNA polymerase alpha on templates with low primer to template ratios such as heat-denaturated DNA, poly(dA)-oligo(dT), and singly primed M13 single-stranded DNA. Experiments using various amounts of PRP, DNA polymerase alpha, and DNA indicate that a concentration dependence exists between these components in the DNA replication process. Amino acid composition analysis indicates that the PRP is rich in hydrophobic amino acids.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of primer recognition proteins from HeLa cells. 236 57

Ovalbumin mRNA precursors were found to be almost quantitatively associated with the hen oviduct nuclear matrix. On the other hand, only one-third of the mature ovalbumin mRNA of whole nuclei was recovered in the nuclear matrix fraction. The binding of both the high molecular weight mRNA precursors and the mature-sized mRNA to the matrix displayed no difference in stability against salt, urea, or detergents. The mature mRNA, however, was found to be released selectively from the matrix by ATP. In contrast, the mRNA precursors remained completely bound to the nuclear substructure in the presence of ATP. Detachment of mRNA from the matrix also occurred in the presence of ADP, AMP plus pyrophosphate, or ATP analogs that contain nonhydrolyzable alpha, beta and beta, gamma bonds. Contrasting with the ATP-induced effect, addition of poly(A), ethidium bromide, or the copper chelator 1,10-phenanthroline to oviduct cell matrices caused an unspecific liberation of both mature and immature ovalbumin messengers. The release of the mature mRNA by ATP was found to be strongly inhibited by both nonintercalative and intercalative inhibitors of type II topoisomerase. These results suggest that the selection of the mature mRNAs for nucleocytoplasmic transport occurs at the release stage from the matrix (i.e. before translocation through the nuclear pore) and that reactions hitherto known to cause changes in the DNA secondary structure are associated with the detachment of mRNA from the nuclear substructure.
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PMID:Mature mRNA is selectively released from the nuclear matrix by an ATP/dATP-dependent mechanism sensitive to topoisomerase inhibitors. 243 4

The replication initiator protein of the plasmid R6K binds to seven contiguous 22 bp direct repeats that form an indispensable part of the three replication origins alpha, beta, and gamma. Binding of the initiator to the direct repeats induced a marked bending of the region of gamma replication origin. Binding of the initiator also promoted unwinding of the origin DNA by at least two turns. Distamycin appeared to antagonize the binding of the initiator to the seven 22 bp direct repeats. At the appropriate DNA and protein concentrations the initiator enhanced topoisomerase-induced catenation of the origin containing supercoiled DNA but not of DNA lacking the origin sequence. Thus, the initiator protein caused significant changes in the secondary and tertiary structures of the replication origin.
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PMID:Conformational changes in a replication origin induced by an initiator protein. 300 Jun

The RNA-dependent DNA polymerase purified from B77 avian sarcoma virus exhibited two distinct DNA-processing activities. The alpha and beta 2 isoenzymes possessed an endodeoxyribonuclease activity capable of nicking simian virus 40 superhelical DNA, whereas the alpha beta isoenzyme performed as an untwisting topoisomerase. Both activities associated with the three molecular forms of the retroviral DNA polymerase were dependent on the presence of either Mn2+ or Mg2+ ions. From analysis of the denaturated DNA products, it is apparent that the alpha and beta 2 isoenzymes introduced two nicks, one per each strand in the superhelical simian virus 40 DNA molecules, whereas the alpha beta polymerase converted these supercoiled molecules to the relaxed covalently closed circular form. The notion that the DNA-processing activities are located on the DNA polymerase molecules was supported by the following: (i) the three isoenzymes were of a high purity; (ii) the activities cosedimented in glycerol gradients with the DNA polymerase activities of the alpha, beta 2, and alpha beta molecular forms; and (iii) immunoglobulin directed against the purified polymerase immunoprecipitated the DNA-processing activities. Chemical treatments of the DNA polymerase molecules (with pyridoxalphosphate, iodoacetamide, and sulfhydryl reagents), which inhibited the polymerase activity, also suppressed the endonucleolytic and topoisomerase activities, suggesting that cystein and amino groups play an important role in the active sites of the DNA-processing activities as well.
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PMID:DNA-processing activities associated with the purified alpha, beta 2, and alpha beta molecular forms of avian sarcoma virus RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. 617 42

Vaccinia virus cores contain a type I topoisomerase which promotes the relaxation of superhelical DNA of either handedness (Bauer et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74:1841-1845, 1977). The activity of partially purified vaccinia virus topoisomerase (VV-Topo I) was determined in the presence of ATP, dATP, GTP, ADP, and ATP analogs in which hydrolysis of the alpha, beta or beta, gamma phosphate bond is restricted. Topoisomerase activity was stimulated 2.5-fold by the addition of 2 to 4 mM ATP or dATP to standard assay mixtures; 2 mM GTP produced no significant effect on enzyme activity. The addition of 2 mM beta, gamma-imido ATP or 2 mM gamma-thiophosphate ATP reduced VV-Topo I activity by 80 and 65%, respectively. In contrast, 4 mM alpha, beta-methylene ATP produced no significant change in topoisomerase activity compared to ATP itself. Assays performed in the presence of 4 mM ADP exhibited an 80% reduction in enzyme activity. The preparations of VV-Topo I used for these studies showed, however, no detectable DNA-dependent or -independent ATPase activity. The activity of VV-Topo I was similarly measured in the presence of the antibiotics novobiocin and coumermycin A1, which inhibited enzyme activity by 50% at concentrations of 180 and 40 microM, respectively. Comparable inhibition of VV-Topo I activity was observed in the presence of 1 mM beta, gamma-imido ATP. We determined that novobiocin inhibits vaccinia core transcription at the same concentrations which inhibit vaccinia core topoisomerase I activity. These results suggest that the vaccinia DNA topoisomerase may play a role in the ATP-dependent transcription of viral genes from intact core particles.
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PMID:Effects of ATP and inhibitory factors on the activity of vaccinia virus type I topoisomerase. 631 84

Kalihinol F, a naturally occurring diterpene from a marine sponge, Acanthella sp., inhibited chromosome separation in fertilized starfish (Asterina pectinifera) eggs but allows the first cleavage to occur, thereby forming unseparated metaphase chromosomes which were elongated between the two daughter cells. The chromosomes were eventually torn off in the embryonic cells. Most of the cells gradually lost the chromosomes during the cell cycle progression. The embryonic development halted at the morula stage just before the onset of blastulation. The mitotic failure occurred when kalihinol F was applied to a fertilized egg during the second meiotic process, but not after the completion of the second meiotic division. Kalihinol F inhibited topoisomerase I activity in vitro, but had no effects on activities of DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma, and of topoisomerase II. These results suggest that the topoisomerase I plays an essential role in meiosis II in this species.
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PMID:Inhibition of chromosome separation in fertilized starfish eggs by kalihinol F, a topoisomerase I inhibitor obtained from a marine sponge. 1464 95

Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones) are alpha, beta-unsaturated ketones with cytotoxic and anticancer properties. Several reports have shown that compounds with cytotoxic properties may also interfere with DNA topoisomerase functions. Five derivatives of 4'-hydroxychalcones were examined for cytotoxicity against transformed human T (Jurkat) cells as well as plasmid supercoil relaxation experiments using mammalian DNA topoisomerase I. The compounds were 3-phenyl-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (I), 3-(p-methylphenyl)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (II), 3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (III), 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (IV), and 3-(2- thienyl)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (V). The order of the cytotoxicity of the compounds was; IV > III > II > I > V. Compound IV, had the highest Hammett and log P values (0.23 and 4.21, respectively) and exerted both highest cytotoxicity and strongest DNA topoisomerase I inhibition. Compounds I and II gave moderate interference with the DNA topoisomerase I while III & V did not interfere with the enzyme.
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PMID:Cytotoxic activity of 4'-hydroxychalcone derivatives against Jurkat cells and their effects on mammalian DNA topoisomerase I. 1883 Aug 76

The alpha, beta-unsaturated lactones 2-furanone and 2-pyrone are part of the chemical structure of a variety of naturally occurring compounds (e.g., cardenolides, bufadienolides, acetogenins, coumarins, and food-flavoring furanones), some of which have shown anticancer activity and/or DNA damaging effects. Here we report that 2-furanone and 2-pyrone induce cellular DNA damage (assessed by the comet assay and the gamma-H2AX focus assay) and the formation of topoisomerase I- and topoisomerase II-DNA complexes in cells (visualized and quantified in situ by the TARDIS assay). Cells mutated in BRCA2 (deficient in homologous recombination repair) were significantly hypersensitive to the cytotoxic activity of 2-pyrone, therefore suggesting that BRCA2 plays an important role in the repair of DNA damage induced by this lactone. Both lactones were cytotoxic in A549 lung cancer cells at lower concentrations than in MRC5 non-malignant lung fibroblasts. The possible involvement of 2-furanone and 2-pyrone in the anticancer and DNA-damaging activities of compounds containing these lactones is discussed.
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PMID:Alpha, beta-unsaturated lactones 2-furanone and 2-pyrone induce cellular DNA damage, formation of topoisomerase I- and II-DNA complexes and cancer cell death. 2386 16