Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:5.99.1.2 (topoisomerase)
 9,166 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies on multidrug resistance (MDR) require a sensitive and quantitative assay of mRNA expression in clinical tumor samples. Based on the small size, heterogenity, and the possibility of partial degradation of clinical specimens, unambiguous data are often difficult to obtain. The aim of the present study was to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in combination with nested PCR for quantitative analyses of mRNA expression of MDR1, MRP (multidrug resistance protein), and DNA topoisomerase IIalpha in small amounts of tumor tissue. RNA samples extracted from the human cell line RPMI 8226 and its MDR sublines 8226/Dox6 and DOXint40c, that overexpress MDR1 and MRP, respectively, were used as model substrates. In the first step, cDNAs of the three genes as well as of the housekeeping gene beta-actin were simultaneously amplified in single tubes using 20 cycles of PCR after random-primed reverse transcription. When necessary, a second amplification step of the preamplified PCR products was employed using nested primer pairs. Primer competition was evaluated by analyses of serially diluted amounts of cDNA and at different numbers of PCR cycles. Based on the results obtained, this multiplex/nested PCR approach may provide a base for quantitative analyses of MDR1, MRP, and topoisomerase IIalpha mRNA expression in clinical tumor biopsies.
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PMID:A diagnostic tool for monitoring multidrug resistance expression in human tumor tissues. 1223 60

Two human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) subpopulations, CPH 54A, and CPH 54B, established from the same patient tumor by in vitro cloning, were investigated. The tumor was classified as intermediate-type SCLC. The cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) was previously determined in the two sublines both in vivo and in vitro. Here we measured the etoposide (VP16) sensitivity together with the induction and repair of VP16- and IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The two subpopulations were found to differ significantly in sensitivity to VP16, with the radioresistant 54B subline also being VP16 resistant. In order to explain the VP16 resistant phenotype several mechanisms where considered. The p53 status, P-glycoprotein, MRP, topoisomerase IIalpha, and Mre11 protein levels, as well as growth kinetics, provided no explanations of the observed VP16 resistance. In contrast, a significant difference in repair of both VP16- and IR-induced DSBs, together with a difference in the levels of the DSB repair proteins DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK(cs)) and RAD51 was observed. The VP16- and radioresistant 54B subline exhibited a pronounced higher repair rate of DSBs and higher protein levels of both DNA-PK(cs) and RAD51 compared with the sensitive 54A subline. We suggest, that different DSB repair rates among tumor cell subpopulations of individual SCLC tumors may be a major determinant for the variation in clinical treatment effect observed in human SCLC tumors of identical histological subtype.
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PMID:DNA repair rate and etoposide (VP16) resistance of tumor cell subpopulations derived from a single human small cell lung cancer. 1271 Nov 16

Salvicine, a novel topoisomerase II inhibitor and a diterpenoid quinone compound, exerts potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects. In our study, we show that salvicine effectively kills multidrug-resistant (MDR) sublines, such as K562/A02, KB/VCR and MCF-7/ADR, and parental K562, KB and MCF-7 cell lines to an equivalent degree. These cytotoxic activities of salvicine were much more potent than those of several classical anticancer drugs (average resistance factor: 1.42 for salvicine vs. 344.35, 233.19 and 71.22 for vincristine, doxorubicin and etoposide, respectively). Flow cytometry and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated that salvicine induced similar levels of apoptosis in MDR K562/A02 and parental cells. The compound activated caspase-1 and -3 (but not caspase-8) and increased the ratio of bax to bcl-2 mRNA via reduction of bcl-2 mRNA expression in the same cells. Furthermore, salvicine induced the downregulation of mdr-1 gene and P-gp expression but had no effect on MRP and LRP gene expression in MDR K562/A02 cells. These results suggest that the reduction of mdr-1 and bcl-2 expression by salvicine possibly contributes to its cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction in this system. The effectiveness, broad-spectrum activity and possibly novel mechanism of killing MDR tumor cells in vitro of salvicine signify promising in vivo and clinical activity. The novel chemical structure of this compound further implies a role for salvicine in future MDR tumor therapy.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction and downregulation of MDR-1 expression by the anti-topoisomerase II agent, salvicine, in multidrug-resistant tumor cells. 1279 65

We analyzed surface antigens, multidrug resistance (MDR) parameters (PGP, MRP, LRP), tissue infiltration parameters (CD18, CD44, VCAM, MMP2), receptors for colony stimulating factors (G-CSFr, GM-CSFr) and cell cycle parameters (Ki-67, topoisomerase IIalpha) in 86 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). LRP, PGP and CD18 were associated with poor clinical outcome, and LRP expression was related with CD18, CD44 and G-CSFr. Of the cell cycle parameters, Ki-67 (+) fraction was increased in ALL with hepato-splenomegaly and extramedullary involvement. In conclusion, analysis of LRP, PGP, CD18 and Ki-67 could be helpful to predict the clinical behavior of ALL.
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PMID:Expression of functional markers in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 1286 10

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a complex phenomenon that includes the expression of many different genes regulating drug transport or metabolism, cellular repair or detoxification mechanisms. The co-expression of several genes could be at the basis of the resistant phenotype in vivo. In order to test a possible prognostic role of the expression and co-expression of several MDR-related genes (MDR1, topoisomerase IIalpha, topoisomerase IIbeta, MRP, GSTpi, LRP), 35 patients affected by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were tested by RT-PCR assays. In our series, topoisomerase IIbeta was significantly co-expressed with MRP (p = 0.05), GSTpi (p = 0.017) and LRP (p = 0.005). GSTpi was co-expressed with LRP (p = 0.03) and MRP (p = 0.007); on the other hand, 53.8% of patients were LRP and MRP-positive (p = 0.02). The PCR-positivity did not differ according to biological/clinical characteristics of patients, including age; this latter was the only parameter conditioning the response and overall survival. Neither the expression nor the co-expression of the tested genes was significantly correlated with the response to the induction treatment and long-term outcome.
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PMID:The clinical relevance of the expression of several multidrug-resistant-related genes in patients with primary acute myeloid leukemia. 1296 66

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) constitutes a major obstacle to the effectiveness of chemotherapy. In previous studies, MDR was mainly induced in vitro. The authors report a novel in vivo method of inducing MDR in nude mice with xenotransplanted Tca8113 cells. Carboplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat HNSCC, was injected around the tumors for 10 weeks. A subsequent cell survival assay of dissociated tumor cells suggested that MDR had been induced successfully. Immunocytochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of MDR-related proteins, including topoisomerase II, MRP and glutathione transferase, were elevated in the induction group. The authors conclude that in vivo induction of MDR provides a useful method for establishing animal models of MDR.
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PMID:A new method to induce multi-drug resistance to carboplatin in a mouse model of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma. 1871 53

Novel 5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline O-aminoglycosides were synthesized in order to check the hypothesis that the construction of hybrids composed of the active 5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline chromophore and daunosaminyl or acosaminyl moiety may result in the cytotoxic activity of the obtained derivatives that is much higher than the one of the parent DIMIQ (5,11-dimethyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline) and 6H-indoloquinoline analogs. Actually, 5H-indolo[2,3-b]indoloquinoline O-aminoglycosides showed the anti-proliferative activity in vitro against human lung adenocarcinoma A549, breast cancer MCF-7, melanoma Hs294T, promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, uterine sarcoma MES-SA and colon cancer LoVo cell lines, which was 10 times higher than that of the 6H-analogs and comparable to the one of the referential DIMIQ. Unexpectedly, it appeared that except for HL-60/MX2 (P-gp-independent and topoisomerase II-dependent resistance), other MDR tumor cell lines (LoVo/DX. P-gp-dependent, MRP-, LRP-dependent multidrug resistance) and MES-SA/DX5 (P-gp-dependent resistance to doxorubicin) are also resistant to the 5H-indolo[2,3-b]indoloquinoline O-aminoglycosides tested. This is surprising because 6H-analogs, in general, 10 times less active against non-MDR tumor cell lines, as well as the DIMIQ itself, are able to overcome drug resistance in all MDR cell lines examined. The cytotoxicity of the tested compounds against tumor cell lines and against normal cells (mice fibroblasts BALB/3T3) was comparable.
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PMID:SYNTHESIS AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF NEW 5H-INDOLO[2,3-B]QUINOLINE O-AMINOGLYCOSIDES. 2747 87


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