Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:5.99.1.2 (topoisomerase)
 9,166 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have presented a structural model of the chromosome based on its constituent proteins. Development of a method of mass isolation for intact human metaphase chromosomes and proteome analysis by mass spectrometry of the isolated chromosomal proteins enabled us to develop a four-layer structural model of human metaphase chromosomes. The model consists of four layers, each with different chromosomal protein sets, i.e., chromosome coating proteins (CCPs), chromosome peripheral proteins (CPPs), chromosome structural proteins (CSPs), and chromosome fibrous proteins (CFPs). More than 200 identified proteins have been classified and assigned to the four layers with each layer occupying a distinct region of the chromosome. CCPs are localized at the most outer regions of the chromosomes and they attach to the regions tentatively and occasionally. CCPs include mostly mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins, e.g., 70 kDa heat shock protein 9B and Hsp60. CPPs are also localized at the peripheral regions of the chromosomes, but as the essential part of the chromosomes. CPPs include nucleolin, lamin A/C, fibrillarin, etc. CSPs are the primary chromosomal structure proteins, and include topoisomerase IIalpha, condensin subunits, histones, etc. CFPs have a fibrous nature, e.g., beta-actin, vimentin, myosin II, tublin, etc. A data set of these proteins, which we developed, contains essential chromosome proteins with classified information based on this four-layer model and presents useful leads for further studies on chromosomal structure and function.
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PMID:Chromosome protein framework from proteome analysis of isolated human metaphase chromosomes. 1766 45

DNA viruses adopt various strategies to modulate the cellular environment for efficient genome replication and virion production. Previously, we demonstrated that the BGLF4 kinase of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induces premature chromosome condensation through the activation of condensin and topoisomerase IIalpha (C. P. Lee, J. Y. Chen, J. T. Wang, K. Kimura, A. Takemoto, C. C. Lu, and M. R. Chen, J. Virol. 81:5166-5180, 2007). In this study, we show that BGLF4 interacts with lamin A/C and phosphorylates lamin A protein in vitro. Using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-lamin A system, we found that Ser-22, Ser-390, and Ser-392 of lamin A are important for the BGLF4-induced disassembly of the nuclear lamina and the EBV reactivation-mediated redistribution of nuclear lamin. Virion production and protein levels of two EBV primary envelope proteins, BFRF1 and BFLF2, were reduced significantly by the expression of GFP-lamin A(5A), which has five Ser residues replaced by Ala at amino acids 22, 390, 392, 652, and 657 of lamin A. Our data indicate that BGLF4 kinase phosphorylates lamin A/C to promote the reorganization of the nuclear lamina, which then may facilitate the interaction of BFRF1 and BFLF2s and subsequent virion maturation. UL kinases of alpha- and betaherpesviruses also induce the disassembly of the nuclear lamina through similar sites on lamin A/C, suggesting a conserved mechanism for the nuclear egress of herpesviruses.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus BGLF4 kinase induces disassembly of the nuclear lamina to facilitate virion production. 1881 3