Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase)
 8,497 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We tested the hypothesis that increasing myocardial cyclic GMP levels would reduce myocardial O2 consumption and that renal hypertension (One Kidney-One Clip, 1K1C)-induced cardiac hypertrophy would change this relationship. Four groups of anesthetized open-chest New Zealand white rabbits (N = 26) were utilized. Either vehicle or 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) (10(-4) M, a guanylate cyclase activator) was topically applied to the left ventricular surface of control or 1K1C rabbits. Coronary blood flow (radioactive microspheres) and O2 extraction (microspectrophotometry) were used to determine O2 consumption. Myocardial cyclic GMP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Guanylate cyclase activity was measured by conversion of GTP to cyclic GMP. 1K1C rabbits had a greater heart weight-to-body weight ratio (3.29 +/- 0.15) than controls (2.63 +/- 0.19). Systolic blood pressure was higher in 1K1C rabbits than in controls. In control rabbits, cyclic GMP levels (pmoles/g) were higher in SIN-1-treated (EPI: 7.5 +/- 1.6; ENDO: 8.1 +/- 1.5) than in vehicle-treated animals (EPI: 5.4 +/- 0.4; ENDO: 5.6 +/- 0.6). This effect was enhanced in 1K1C rabbits, with cyclic GMP levels in the SIN-1-treated group (EPI: 11.9 +/- 1.3; ENDO: 13.0 +/- 1.5) almost double those observed in the vehicle-treated group (EPI: 6.3 +/- 0.8; ENDO: 7.7 +/- 1.1). There were no significant differences in basal or maximally stimulated guanylate cyclase activity between controls and 1K1C rabbits. Myocardial O2 consumption (ml O2/min/100 g) was significantly less in the EPI region of control animals treated with SIN-1 (7.2 +/- 1.2) than in the same region of controls treated with vehicle (9.1 +/- 2.0). Myocardial O2 consumption was also significantly less in SIN-1-than vehicle-treated 1K1C animals (SIN-1-treated: EPI: 6.9 +/- 0.8; ENDO: 6.2 +/- 0.7; vehicle-treated: EPI: 10.0 +/- 0.8; ENDO: 12.5 +/- 3.0). There was no significant difference in O2 consumption between control and 1K1C animals after treatment with SIN-1. Thus, there was a greater elevation in cyclic GMP in 1K1C rabbits, but this did not result in a corresponding greater depression in O2 consumption. This suggests that cyclic GMP plays a role in the control of myocardial metabolism, and that the sensitivity of myocardial O2 consumption to changes in cyclic GMP is reduced by renal hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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PMID:Negative metabolic effects of cyclic GMP are altered in renal hypertension induced cardiac hypertrophy. 906 47

We tested the hypothesis that increased O2 consumption and inotropy after reduction of myocardial cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are mediated through L-type calcium channels. Anesthetized, open-chest New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups. Hearts were exposed to control vehicle (n = 8); LY83583 (LY, 10(-3) mol/l, guanylate cyclase inhibitor, (n = 9); nifedipine (nif, 10(-4) mol/l, L-type calcium channel blocker, n = 8), or nif+LY (n = 6). Vehicle or compound was applied topically to the epicardium for 15 min. Subepicardial (EPI) blood flow increased (from 213 +/- 22 to 323 +/- 24 ml/ min/100 g) in the presence of LY, as did subendocardial (ENDO) blood flow (from 238 +/- 20 to 333 +/- 38 ml/min/ 100 g). O2 consumption increased in the presence of LY:18.0 +/- 1.0 (EPI) and 17.0 +/- 0.6 (ENDO) ml O2/min/100 g as compared with 9.5 +/- 2.0 (EPI) and 10.6 +/- 2.5 (ENDO) in the control group. The increase in O2 consumption with LY was undiminished in the presence of nif (nif+LY group 21.0 +/- 3.0 ml O2/min/100 g EPI and 22.1 +/- 3.8 ENDO). Nif alone decreased left ventricular dP/dtmax from (2,762 +/- 197 to 2,413 +/- 316 mm Hg/s) and maximal rate of change in wall thickness (dW/dtmax from 13.5 +/- 2.0 to 9.5 +/- 0.8 mm/s), while percent change of wall thickness (from 21.3 +/- 3.3 to 31.3 +/- 7.2) and dW/dtmax (from 13.3 +/- 3.0 to 15.3 +/- 2.3 mm/s) increased in the nif+LY group. Thus, the positive O2 consumption and inotropic effects of decreasing cGMP were undiminished by nif. These results suggest that the cGMP reduction induced increases in O2 consumption and that inotropy may not be mediated through L-type calcium channels.
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PMID:Increased O2 consumption and positive inotropy caused by cyclic GMP reduction are not altered after L-type calcium channel blockade. 946 86

1. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the negative myocardial metabolic effects of nitric oxide (NO) were reduced in old hearts. 2. Studies were conducted in 17 young (approximately 6 months) and 18 old (> 36 months) New Zealand anaesthetized open-chest rabbits. Either vehicle or s-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP; 10-4 mol/L; a NO donor) was applied to the epicardial surface of the left ventricle. Coronary blood flow (microspheres) and artero-venous (a-v) O2 difference (microspectrophotometry) were used to determine subepicardial (EPI) and subendocardial (ENDO) O2 consumption. Wall thickening was determined ultrasonically. Cyclic GMP and guanylyl cyclase activity were also determined. Myocardial a-v O2 difference, flow, O2 consumption and wall thickening were comparable in young and old hearts. 3. The EPI and ENDO O2 consumption of SNAP-treated young hearts decreased significantly (> 25%) compared with vehicle (saline). However, SNAP had no significant effects on the O2 consumption of old hearts. In addition, SNAP decreased the percentage wall thickening in young (from 18.0 +/- 1.7 to 13.4 +/- 1.6%), but not old (from 14.5 +/- 0.9 to 11.4 +/- 1.6%), hearts. Basal cGMP levels in old hearts were greater (approximately 70%) than those in young hearts (15.7 +/- 2.0 vs 9.0 +/- 0.8 pmol/g, EPI). s-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine increased cGMP in EPI (13.7 +/- 1.8 pmol/g) and ENDO of young, but not old (18.7 +/- 2.3 pmol/g, EPI), hearts. Similar results were also obtained using another NO donor, namely sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 10-4 mol/L). Guanylyl cyclase activity was elevated in old rabbit hearts with 0.5 mmol/L SNP (131 +/- 12 vs 80 +/- 12 pmol/min per mg protein for old and young rabbits, respectively). 4. Thus, while older hearts had similar O2 consumption and wall thickening compared with young hearts, they responded less well to NO and had significantly elevated basal levels of myocardial cGMP.
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PMID:Ageing blunts the effects of nitric oxide on myocardial O2 consumption. 1220 73