Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase)
 8,497 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

HeLa cells cultured in a biotin-deficient medium showed reduced rates of protein synthesis, DNA synthesis and growth. Continuous synthesis is required for the increase in DNA synthesis observed upon addition of biotin to cells cultured in biotin-deficient medium. The addition of biotin to the biotin-deficient culture medium increased the activity of guanylate cyclase in both HeLa cells and fibroblasts. Both cell types cultured in biotin deficient medium showed reduced activity of RNA Polymerase II. The exogenous addition of biotin to the biotin-deficient cell cultures also resulted in increased activity of RNA Polymerase II in HeLa cells and fibroblasts. The maximal response was observed in 4 hours. Significant increase in enzyme activity was observed at 10(-8) M biotin in the culture medium. The growth promoting effect of biotin seems to involve stimulations of cellular guanylate cyclase and RNA Polymerase II activity.
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PMID:Stimulation of guanylate cyclase and RNA polymerase II activities in HeLa cells and fibroblasts by biotin. 289 22

Natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B) was identified in rat chondrocytes, and its physiological functions were investigated. Rat tissues, including the xiphoid cartilage, brain, lung, liver, adrenal gland, and kidney, were screened for NPR-B activity, which we assayed by receptor guanylate cyclase activity specifically stimulated by C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a known selective activator of NPR-B. Cartilage showed distinctly higher NPR-B activity. Furthermore, exposure of cultured rat chondrocytes to CNP (10(-6) M) resulted in a large increase in intracellular cGMP production (376 +/- 38 pmol/well), with threshold responses occurring between 10(-10) and 10(-9) M CNP. Atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide also stimulated cGMP production in rat chondrocytes but with a potency that was at least 10 times less than that of CNP. Polymerase chain reaction analysis also demonstrated NPR-B gene expression in adult rat xiphisternum and cultured chondrocytes. These findings indicate that NPR-B is present in rat chondrocytes. In rat chondrocytes exposed to CNP, [3H]thymidine incorporation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (half-maximal response, 10(-11)M). However, much higher concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide were required to induce the inhibition of thymidine incorporation. Interestingly, CNP-like immunoreactivity was detected in the conditioned medium from chondrocyte cultures. In addition, TGF-beta 1, a multifunctional cytokine, induced a marked increase in CNP secretion and CNP mRNA levels in chondrocytes. These results indicate that autocrine CNP inhibits mitogenesis in chondrocytes via NPR-B under the control of TGF-beta 1.
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PMID:Autocrine regulation of rat chondrocyte proliferation by natriuretic peptide C and its receptor, natriuretic peptide receptor-B. 790 95

1. Guanylate cyclase plays an important role in the visual cycle. Here we report the mRNA expression for the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor type A form of guanylate cyclase (ANPRA) in human retina. 2. Polymerase chain reaction using two sets of primers on the cDNAs reverse-transcribed from human retinal poly(A)+ RNA amplified two products under two different reaction conditions. The primers used in the reaction were designed from the reported sequence of human placental ANPRA cDNA. 3. Sequencing of the amplified products showed 100% sequence homology to the human placental ANPRA gene. Northern blot analysis indicated the presence of a 4.4-kb ANPRA mRNA in human retina, similar to that present in human brain.
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PMID:Expression of mRNA for atrial natriuretic peptide receptor guanylate cyclase (ANPRA) in human retina. 795 58

Conserved sequences within gene families permit the design of consensus primers that match several members of a given class of homologous genes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products obtained with such consensus primers were characterized by restriction mapping or single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, using precast polyacrylamide minigels and automated silver staining. Examples for the electrophoretic distinction of consensus amplificates are presented in the fields of guanylyl cyclase expression studies and in the determination of B-cell clonality in human blood samples. Guanylyl cyclase expression in inner ear tissues of guinea pigs was investigated by reverse transcription PCR using consensus primers with specificity for the subclass of particulate guanylyl cyclases. The resulting PCR products were assigned to three representatives of this group by restriction mapping. The consensus PCR approach enabled the detection of an unexpected receptor type, namely guanylyl cyclase C, in the inner ear. The distinction by SSCP analysis of denatured consensus amplificates was appropriate for the identification of clone-specifically rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain genes of B-lymphocytes. Genomic DNA isolated from blood samples of leukemia patients served as the template for the consensus amplification of clone-specific VDJ rearrangements. Rapid distinction and re-identification of consensus PCR products was achieved by SSCP analysis for regular antigen receptor rearrangements and for t(14; 18) translocations. The potential of these procedures for detecting leukemia or lymphoma clones when monitoring minimal residual disease was assessed.
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PMID:Applications of consensus polymerase chain reaction with subsequent electrophoretic distinction of amplificates. 923 62