Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase)
 8,497 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inherited retinal dystrophy is a common cause of visual impairment. Cone dystrophy affects the cone function and is manifested as progressive loss of the central vision, defective color vision, and photophobia. Linkage was demonstrated between progressive cone dystrophy (CORD5) and genetic markers on chromosome 17p12-p13 in a five-generation family. Multipoint analysis gave a maximum lod score of 7.72 at the marker D17S938. Recombinant haplotypes in the family suggest that the cone dystrophy locus is located in a 25-cM interval between the markers D17S926/D17S849 and D17S804/D17S945. Furthermore, one recombination was detected between the disease locus and a microsatellite marker in the candidate gene RCV1, encoding the retinal protein recoverin. Two additional candidate genes encoding retinal guanylate cyclase (GUC2D) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) are located at 17p13.1. Moreover, loci for retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis have been mapped to the same region. Identification of the cone dystrophy locus may be of importance not only for identifying functional genes in the cone system, but also for identifying genes for other retinal disorders.
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PMID:A gene for autosomal dominant progressive cone dystrophy (CORD5) maps to chromosome 17p12-p13. 858 28

Cone dystrophy-related mutations in guanylate cyclase-activating protein 1 (GCAP1) are known to cause severe disturbance of their Ca(2+)-sensing properties affecting also their regulatory modes. However, crucial biochemical properties of mutant GCAP1 forms have not been fully elucidated and regulatory parameters of GCAP1 mutants have not been considered within the context of a comprehensive description of the phototransduction cascade kinetics. We investigated therefore the structure-function relationships of four dystrophy-relevant point mutations in GCAP1 harboring the following amino acid substitutions: E89K, D100E, L151F, and G159V. All mutations decrease the catalytic efficiency in regulating the target guanylate cyclase and decrease the affinity of Ca(2+)-binding in at least one, but in most cases two EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding sites. Although the wild type and mutants of GCAP1 displayed large differences in Ca(2+)-binding and regulation, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed that all proteins preserved an intact secondary and tertiary structure with a significant rearrangement of the aromatic residues upon binding of Ca(2+). To gain insight into the dynamic changes of cyclic GMP levels in a photoreceptor cell, we incorporated parameters describing the regulation of target guanylate cyclase by GCAP1 mutants into a comprehensive kinetic model of phototransduction. Modeling led us to conclude that the contribution of GCAP1 to the dynamic synthesis of cyclic GMP in rod cells would depend on the expression level of the wild-type form. Although the synthesis rate controlled by GCAP1 remains at a constant level, in the case of high expression levels of cone-dystrophy GCAP1 mutants it would not contribute at all to shaping the cGMP rate, which becomes dynamically regulated solely by the other present Ca(2+)-sensor GCAP2.
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PMID:Impact of cone dystrophy-related mutations in GCAP1 on a kinetic model of phototransduction. 2456 82