Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase)
 8,497 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Methylene blue (MB) is a thiazine dye used in the treatment of methemoglobinemia. It may represent a new class of anti-oxidant drugs which competitively inhibit the reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide by acting as an alternative electron acceptor for tissue oxidases. Because of its strong free radicals scavenging effect MB was experimentally used in the treatment of reperfusion syndrome. MB is soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor. It was found to inhibit the stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide and vasodilatators. Another effect of MB is inhibition of prostacyclin synthesis by endothelial cells and isolated arteries independently of its effects on cGMP accumulation. We investigated the MB in series of experimental endocrine situations in which its free radicals scavenging effect could play a role. We observed that MB partly inhibited the increase in adenohypophyseal weight, cAMP and blood prolactin levels in male rats after the administration of estrogens. MB also blocked the increase of another free radicals scavenger-the metalloenzyme ceruloplasmin in the blood of estrogenized rats and prevented the increase of bone mineral after estradiol treatment. MB produced a decrease in adenohypophyseal ascorbic acid content. The blood thyroxine levels increased and the anterior pituitary TSH concentration decreased after MB treatment.
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PMID:Methylene blue--an endocrine modulator. 871 76

Methylene blue is a thiazine dye, which has been used in the clinical medicine as disinfection agent and in treatment of methemoglobinemia. The recent investigations showed that this dye is able to inhibit the activation of guanylate cyclase pathway in the guanylate cyclase or in the NO-synthase level. This paper summarizes the experimentally obtained results concerning the influence of methylene blue on the hypothalamic, hypophyseal, thyroid and testicular function in rats. The possible mechanism of its influence with potential role of nitric oxide in the modulation of regulating pathways in these endocrine glands is discussed.
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PMID:[The effect of an NO-synthase inhibitor, methylene blue, on the function of certain endocrine glands]. 964 2

The guanylate cyclase (GC) and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) inhibitor methylene blue (MB) has been used in cardiac surgery patients for the treatment of a variety of conditions. Methylene blue has been successfully used for the prevention and treatment of vasoplegia syndrome (VS) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Vasoplegia syndrome occurs in up to 10% of cardiac surgery patients and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Vasoplegia syndrome is described along with the results of studies that have shown benefits of MB in the treatment of VS. These studies include the use of MB prior to CPB, when added to the CPB prime and when given into the CPB circuit during the operation. We report a case of emergency CPB on a 55-year-old male with bacterial endocarditis, scheduled for an AVR/MVR who arrested on arrival to the operating room. Once on CPB the patient developed a profound hypotension despite normal to high pump flows, with low systemic vascular resistance (SVR), which was refractory to vasopressors--consistent with a diagnosis of VS. Unbeknownst to the perfusionist, the patient was treated with MB which was immediately followed by an apparent sudden arterial desaturation, despite oxygenator ventilation with 100% oxygen (O2), and development of severe metabolic acidosis. Troubleshooting the cause of the apparent desaturation and eventual diagnosis of a false indication of arterial oxygen desaturation and methemoglobinemia (MHgb) due to MB injection is described. Methemoglobinemia is explained as well as its presentation and treatment with MB. The importance of intraoperating room communication and knowledge of drug effects are discussed.
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PMID:Methylene blue-induced methemoglobinemia during cardiopulmonary bypass? A case report and literature review. 1885 35