Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase)
 8,497 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In spite of the resemblance of the clinical picture of gastrointestinal yersiniosis and acute dysentery, material differences underlie the pathogenesis of these diseases. Yersiniosis is marked by the predominance of an increase in the content of PGF2 alpha, whereas acute dysentery by an increase in the content of PGE, which may be accounted for by greater intensity of the allergic manifestations in yersiniosis patients as compared with dysentery. Shigellosis runs its course in the presence of the prevailing influence of the guanylate cyclase system, whereas yersiniosis in that of the adenylate cyclase. This is likely to be related to graver destructive lesions in the colonic mucosa in acute dysentery.
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PMID:[Prostaglandins and cyclic nucleotides in the gastrointestinal form of yersiniosis]. 269 95

Vibrio cholerae produce a variety of extracellular products that have deleterious effects on eukaryotic cells. The massive diarrhoea produced by V. cholerae is caused by cholera toxin (CT). CT is composed of 1A and 5B units. CT causes a significant amount of fluid secretion and haemorrhage in the ligated rabbit ileal loops. Its action involves the role of various biochemical pathways. CT acts by activation of adenylate cyclase-cAMP system located at the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. The increase in cyclic AMP levels is mainly responsible for the altered transport of Na+ and Cl-. Besides activating cAMP, CT is also known to act through release of prostaglandins and involvement of intramural nerves. Besides CT, other bacterial toxins like Escherichia coli LT, Salmonella toxin, Shigella toxin and Campylobacter toxin also possess A-B structure. The structure and function of E. coli LT resembles closely that of CT. Most of the bacterial toxins exert their effect through involvement of ADP-ribosylating proteins whereas other toxins involve guanylate cyclase system, calcium and protein kinases for their ultimate action.
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PMID:Mechanism of action of cholera toxin & other toxins. 878 5

Diarrheal diseases caused by microorganisms and their toxins are a major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Acute diarrhea is mainly caused due to increased intestinal secretion, commonly as a result of infection with enterotoxin producing organisms (enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera) or due to decreased intestinal absorption from infection with organisms that damage the intestinal epithelium (enteropathogenic E. coli sp., Shigella sp., Salmonella sp.) The studies of the impact of enteric pathogens and their virulence factors exert their effect by producing toxins, called bacterial toxins. The protein toxins are produced by diverse group of bacteria. Most of the bacterial toxins exert their effect through involvement of ADP-ribosylation proteins; otherwise essential for several cellular functions while other toxins involve guanylate cyclase systems or calcium and protein kinases for their ultimate action.
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PMID:Modulation of gut physiology through enteric toxins. 1461 51