Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase)
 8,497 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Guanylate cyclase activity has been studied biochemically and cytochemically in guinea pig testis. The results of the biochemical assays indicate an equal distribution of this enzyme between the soluble and particulate fractions, which have a different sensitivity to adenosine triphosphate. The cytochemical results demonstrate that the reaction product of guanylate cyclase is detectable in the interstitial capillary endothelial cells and, in the seminiferous epithelium, mainly at the level of the adjacent surfaces of Sertoli and germ cells of the intermediate and adluminal compartments. Guanylate cyclase activity appears at the level of pachytene spermatocytes and persists throughout subsequent stages of development. The distribution in the seminiferous epithelium seems to indicate that guanylate cyclase is involved in the interrelationships between Sertoli and germ cells during gamete differentiation.
Anat Rec 1985 Jul
PMID:Ultracytochemical and biochemical evidence for guanylate cyclase in guinea pig testis. 286 9

Many reports have indicated that estrogens increase uterine guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels via increasing the activity of guanylate cyclase. In the present study, guanylate cyclase activity was studied cytochemically in the oviduct of immature rats 24 hours after one or two doses (20 micrograms/kg, subcutaneously) of diethylstilbestrol (DES), one dose per day. The reaction product indicating guanylate cyclase was localized in the plasma membrane of epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells of all DES-treated animals, but was absent from those of the vehicle control immature rats. The Golgi saccules of secretory cells and the periciliary membrane of ciliated cells were stained for the enzyme 24 hours after the first and second dose of DES, but the activity seemed diminished 24 hours after the second dose. Likewise, reaction product indicating guanylate cyclase was more prominent in the plasma membrane of epithelial cells of animals treated with one dose of DES than those animals treated with two doses of DES. However, in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells, guanylate cyclase activity increased after two doses of the estrogen. Further, pinocytotic vesicles or caveolae in these cells were also strongly stained for the enzyme after one and two doses of DES. These findings confirm the suggestion that guanylate cyclase plays a significant role in the growth, differentiation, and function (secretion and transport) of the oviduct.
Anat Rec 1983 Mar
PMID:Ultracytochemical localization of guanylate cyclase in the oviduct of estrogen-stimulated rat. 613 63

Some chemicals elicit innate emotionally laden behavioral responses. Pheromones mediate sexual attraction, parental care or agonistic confrontation, whereas predators' kairomones elicit defensive behaviors in their preys. This essay explores the hypothesis that the detection of these semiochemicals relies on highly specific olfactory and/or vomeronasal receptors. The V1R, V2R, and formyl-peptide vomeronasal receptors bind their ligands in highly specific and sensitive way, thus being good candidates for pheromone- or kairomone-detectors (e.g., secreted and excreted proteins, peptides and lipophilic volatiles). The olfactory epithelium also expresses specific receptors, for example trace amine-associated receptors (TAAR) and guanylyl cyclase receptors (GC-D and other types), some of which bind kairomones and putative pheromones. However, most of the olfactory neurons express canonical olfactory receptors (ORs) that bind many ligands with different affinity, being not suitable for mediating responses to pheromones and kairomones. In this respect, trimethylthiazoline (TMT) is considered a fox-derived kairomone for mice and rats, but it seems to be detected by canonical ORs. Therefore, we have reassessed the kairomonal nature of TMT by analyzing the behavioral responses of outbred (CD1) and inbred mice (C57BL/J6) to TMT. Our results confirm that both mouse strains avoid TMT, which increases immobility in C57BL/J6, but not CD1 mice. However, mice of both strains sniff at TMT throughout the test and show no trace of TMT-induced contextual conditioning (immobility or avoidance). This suggests that TMT is not a kairomone but, similar to a loud noise, in high concentrations it induces aversion and stress as unspecific responses to a strong olfactory stimulation.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013 Sep
PMID:Of pheromones and kairomones: what receptors mediate innate emotional responses? 2390 48