Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase)
19,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

LiC1 was found to stimulate RNA synthesis in the mammary gland in a manner similar to that of prolactin. Since LiC1 is known to inhibit adenyl cyclase and thus to reduce levels of cyclic AMP, it is concluded that a reduced level of cyclic AMP may be one step in the mechanism whereby prolactin regulates the metabolism of the mammary gland.
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PMID:Effect of lithium ions on RNA synthesis in mammary gland explants of mice. 16 90

Prostaglandins E1 and E2 stimulate cyclic AMP accumulation in pig epidermis and in human epidermis from patients with psoriasis. Prostaglandins A1,A2 and F2alpha are relatively ineffective. The fact that this stimulation is not inhibited by a beta-blocker (propranolol) and that the stimulation by prostaglandin E2 and adrenaline is additive indicates that each drug acts independently on the epidermal adenyl cyclase system. In other words, prostaglandins E1 and E2 act on a site other than the beta-receptor of adenyl cyclase in epidermis. The stimulation by prostaglandins E1 and E2 is not additive; hence they probably act on the same site. Concentrations of prostaglandin E above 3X10(-7) M are effective in causing stimulation. This concentration may be within the physilogical range and the contribution of endogenous prostaglandin levels in the control of intracellular cyclic AMP levels cannot be disregarded.
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PMID:Prostaglandins and cyclic AMP in epidermis. Evidence for the independent action of prostaglandins and adrenaline on the adenyl cyclase system of pig and human epidermis, normal and psoriatic. 16 16

The (3H) cyclic AMP accumulation was measured in incubations of pancreatic islets from one-day, six-day, and thirty-five-day-old rats exposed to a low (0.6 mg./ml.) or a high (3.0 mg./ml.) glucose concentration with or without the addition of 0.1 mM. of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl- 1 -methylxanthine (IBMX). In the thirty-five-day-old rats, (3H) cyclic AMP accumulation was significantly enhanced after sixty minutes' incubation in a high glucose concentration and further increased by IBMX. These changes were paralleled by a stimulated insulin release, measured simultaneously. By contrast, in the one-day-old rats, no effect of glucose with or without IBMX was seen on (3H) cyclic AMP, while the minor insulin release due to high glucose alone was markedly potentiated by IBMX. Even in the presence of this agent the insulin response to glucose was, however, clearly inferior to that seen in the thirty-five-day-old animals. The stimulatory patterns of glucose-induced insulin release in the six-day-old animals was intermediate between the other two age groups. At this age, stimulation of (3H) cyclic AMP due to glucose was observed only in the presence of IBMX. Measurement of (3H) cyclic AMP after three minutes' incubation confirmed these different stimulatory patterns of glucose in the age groups studied. It is suggested that the inefficiency of glucose to stimulate the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system of the beta cell from fetal and neonatal animals may be one important factor determining the insensitivity to the insulin-releasing action of glucose that exists at this stage of development.
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PMID:Decreased cyclic AMP and insulin response to glucose in isolated islets of neonatal rats. 16 74

Smooth muscle cells of the newborn guinea-pig vas deferens dispersed into single cells and grown in culture maintain their differentiation for approximately 5 days before undergoing dedifferentiation and mitosis. The presence of sympathetic nerve fibres in contact with the isolated cells delays this process by 3-7 days (Chamley et al., 1974). A similar delay in dedifferentiation of vas deferens smooth muscle cells in tissue culture in the presence of sympathetic ganglion extract is described in the present report, demonstrating that the trophic effect is elicited by a chemical substance. This effect is mimicked by the presence of either a confluent layer of RKA epithelial cells, dibutyryl cyclic AMP or theophylline. A similar, but considerably weaker, effect is also obtained with spinal cord and liver extracts and noradrenaline. Acetylcholine does not show an effect. It is suggested that a trophic substance (probably not noradrenaline) from sympathetic neurons activates the adenyl cyclase system of smooth muscle cells to increase the intracellular level of cyclic AMP which in turn promotes and maintains the differentiation of the cultured smooth muscle cells.
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PMID:Trophic influences of sympathetic nerves and cyclic AMP on differentiation and proliferation of isolated smooth muscle cells in culture. 16 97

Two proteins with gonadotropin activity have been isolated from a highly purified chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) gonadotropin preparation (G-75 Fraction II) by chromatography on DEAE Bio Gel A. These gonadotropins exhibited distinct behaviour in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, chromatography on Sephadex G-75 superfine, and ratios of cAMP stimulation in immature rainbow trout ovaries and testes. Rechromatography of G-75 Fraction II on Sephadex G-75 superfine gave a symmetrical protein peak with a coincident cAMP activity profile. Repeated freezing and thawing elicited a shift in the cAMP activity profile toward the trailing edge of the protein peak. Data are discussed in terms of two gonadotropin molecules which respond differently to phase changes. Charge polymorphism was exhibited by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels of one of the DEAE fractions. Five UV absorbing bands were observed which stimulated cAMP production in immature rainbow trout gonads. Three of these bands increased adenyl cyclase activity in trout ovaries and testes. One of the bands stimulated cAMP production primarily in trout testes and the other stimulated trout ovaries, providing evidence for two gonadotropins, each of which is sex specific.
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PMID:Fish gonadotropin(s). III. Evidence for more than one gonadotropin in chum salmon pituitary glands. 17 57

Isolated kidney cortex tubules from starved rats have been used to study the actions of catecholamines on renal adenosine 3':5' monophosphate (Ado-3':5'-P) levels and gluconeogenesis. In accordance with previous workers, norepinephrine was found to increase glucose formation from lactate and pyruvate and to a smaller degree from malate, succinate, fumarate and glutamine. The stimulatory effect of 0.5 muM norepinephrine was additive to that of 0.1 mM Ado-3':5-P, indicating an Ado-3':5'-P-independent mechanism of catecholamine action. The effects of parathyroid hormone and oleate on gluconeogenesis were also additive to that of norepinephrine. A comparative study of the actions of different catecholamine derivatives revealed that gluconeogenesis was stimulated in parallel to the alpha-adrenergic potency of the hormones, whereas Ado-3':5'-P levels were increased according to the known beta-stimulatory potency of the agents. Although isoproterenol was by far the most effective in raising Ado-3':5'-P levels, it was without effect on glucose formation from pyruvate, when added at 0.1 muM. At the same concentration, phenylephrine, which had no effect on Ado-3':5'-P levels, was the best stimulator of gluconeogenesis. The alpha-receptor blocking agent phentolamine inhibited the stimulatory effect of catecholamines on gluconeogenesis with a 50 times higher potency than propranolol, a beta-blocking agent. The fact that the stimulatory effect of Ado-3':5'-P was also blocked by propranolol, indicated an unspecific mechanism of action of this substance. The results indicate that the stimulatory effect of catecholamines on renal gluconeogenesis are mediated by an alpha-receptor and that they are independent from the stimulation of renal adenyl cyclase by these agents.
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PMID:Metabolism of isolated kidney tubules. Independent actions of catecholamines on renal cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels and gluconeogenesis. 17 87

Calcitonin, whatever its origin, produces a decrease in the renal tubular reabsorption of sodium, phosphate and calcium in man and in the rat. Renal receptors for calcitonin have been demonstrated in the membranes of rat tubular cells using 125I salmon calcitonin as a tracer. Hormone-receptor interaction initiates the activation of membrane adenyl cyclase. In the rat and in man, the kidney plays a major role in degradation of both human and salmon calcitonin. Plasma levels of immunoreactive calcitonin are high in chronic renal failure. The question of the physiological role of calcitonin on kidney function is still unsettled.
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PMID:Kidney and calcitonin. 17 May 50

Intraventricularly injected noradrenaline, dopamine and isoprenaline increased glycolysis as shown by the decrease in the concentration of "free" glycogen and increase in the concentration of lactate. The effects of noradrenaline and isoprenaline were reduced in mice which had been pretreated with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosin. DL-Propranolol blocked the increase in glycolysis caused by noradrenaline, isoprenaline, sodium fluoride and analogues of 3,5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. It is suggested that the results of this investigation can be explained by the various drugs and neurohormones acting on the adenyl cyclase system in vivo, either by blocking the action of the neurohormone on the membrane bound enzyme or by antagonizing the effect of 3,5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate on glycolysis.
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PMID:A study of the neurohumoral control of glycolysis in the mouse brain in vivo: role of noradrenaline and dopamine. 17 Jul 52

When epidermis from the uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients was incubated for 5 min in Hank's medium containing adrenaline and theophylline, the cyclic AMP level consistently increased 20-30 times over the level observed when adrenaline was not added to the medium. On the other hand, when epidermis from the involved skin of psoriatic patients was incubated under the same experimental conditions, the cyclic AMP level increased only 2-5 times. Even when theophylline, and inhibitor of specific cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase, was omitted from the medium, a clearly demonstrable difference in sensitivity to adrenaline was evident in normal appearing and lesional psoriatic epidermis. These results indicate a faulty adenyl cyclase system in the involved epidermis of psoriatic lesions rather than a defective degradation process by the specific phosphodiesterase. Since the Km for adrenaline activation of adenyl cyclase was approximately the same in both the uninvolved and the involved epidermis and since the cyclic AMP increase by adrenaline was abolished by the addition of propranolol, the basic nature of the beta-receptor (specifically the binding affinity to adrenaline) in the involved epidermis does not appear to be defective. On the other hand, the finding that the Vmax for adrenaline activation is 10-20 times higher in the uninvolved than in the involved epidermis suggests that the poor response in the involved epidermis may be due to fewer available binding sites for adrenaline in the psoriatic lesion.
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PMID:On the lack of response to catecholamine stimulation by the adenyl cyclase system in psoriatic lesions. 17 Sep 54

The relationships between hormonal action and cyclic AMP as the second messenger of hormones have recently been discussed on many hormones. Lactation is influenced by various hormone, especially, insulin, prolactin, and hydrocortisone. Whether adenyl cyclase activity in the mammary gland of mouse epithelial cells has parallel relations with casein biosynthesis ability or not was examined using the mammary gland organ culture method. Female, mid-pregnant (11-14 days), mice of DDY strain were used. Organ culture was done by the Chen's floating lens' paper method, using the hormone-added MEM media and non-added ones. Casein biosynthesis ability was measured by observing 32P incorporation into the casein molecules. Adenyl cyclase activity was estimated by the amount of 14-C-cyclic AMP produced out of adenine-8-14C by the Kuo and Krishna's method. Radio isotope compounds were pulsed for 4 hours in the medium. The experiments revealed that the added hormones had a remarkable effect on caein biosynthesis ability, but none on adenyl cyclase activity. No parallel fluctuation was observed between adenyl cyclase activity and casein biosynthesis ability, that is, the change of adenyl cyclase activity was found to have nothing to do with casein biosynthesis ability. Consequently, the cyclic AMP addition to the media showed no effect on casein biosynthesis ability.
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PMID:[The relations between lactation and cyclic-AMP -- The influences of adenyl cyclase activity on casein biosynthesis ability in the organ culture of the mouse mammary gland (author's transl)]. 17 Nov 79


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