Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase)
19,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have reported that dopamine (DA) inhibits Na-K-ATPase activity in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) by stimulating the DA1 receptor, and the present study was designed to evaluate the mechanism of this effect. Short-term exposure (15-30 min) of microdissected rat CCD to DA, a DA1 agonist (fenoldopam), vasopressin (AVP), forskolin, or dibutyryl cAMP (dBcAMP), which increase cAMP content by different mechanisms, strongly (approximately 60%) inhibited Na-K-ATPase activity. 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, completely blocked Na-K-ATPase inhibition by DA or fenoldopam, and IP20, an inhibitor peptide of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), abolished the Na:K pump effect of all the cAMP agonists listed above. To verify whether the mechanism of pump inhibition by agents that increase cell cAMP involves phospholipase A2 (PLA2), we used mepacrine, a PLA2 inhibitor, which also abolished Na-K-ATPase inhibition by DA or fenoldopam, as well as by AVP, forskolin, or dBcAMP. Arachidonic acid (10(-7) - 10(-4) M) inhibited Na-K-ATPase activity in dose-dependent fashion. Corticosterone, which induces lipomodulin, a PLA2 inhibitor protein inactivated by PKA, equally abolished the pump effects of DA, fenoldopam, forskolin, and dBcAMP, suggesting that lipomodulin might act between PKA and PLA2 in cAMP-dependent pump regulation. We conclude that dopamine inhibits Na-K-ATPase activity in the CCD through a DA1 receptor-mediated cAMP-PKA pathway that involves the stimulation of PLA2 and arachidonic acid release, possibly mediated by inactivation of lipomodulin. This pathway is shared by other agonists that increase cell cAMP and thus stimulate PKA activity.
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PMID:Intracellular signaling in the regulation of renal Na-K-ATPase. I. Role of cyclic AMP and phospholipase A2. 134 27

Dopamine decreases tubular sodium reabsorption, attributed in part to Na/K-ATPase inhibition in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). Because the final regulation of sodium excretion occurs in the collecting duct, where we have demonstrated specific dopamine DA1 binding sites, we examined the effects of dopamine, and of DA1 and DA2 receptor agonists on the Na/K pump in the microdissected rat cortical collecting duct (CCD) and in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, a line derived from the dog distal nephron. Dopamine inhibited pump activity in CCD by approximately 40%-50%, an effect proportionally larger than in the PCT. Unlike in the latter, the effect of dopamine was reproduced by the DA1 agonist fenoldopam, which inhibited the CCD pump in dose-dependent manner (maximum, 10 microM). The DA2 agonist quinpirole was without effect, either alone or in combination with fenoldopam. These actions on Na/K-ATPase paralleled in reciprocal fashion effects on adenylate cyclase: dopamine or fenoldopam, but not quinpirole, produced a significant increase in cAMP content, and the stimulation by dopamine was blocked by SCH 23390. Inhibitors of cAMP phosphodiesterase (3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine and theophylline), as well as forskolin and dibutyryl-cAMP, mimicked the effect of dopamine on the pump, underscoring the role of increased cAMP in this phenomenon. Both dopamine and fenoldopam inhibited Na/K-ATPase activity in MDCK cells. The results indicate that besides the PCT dopamine inhibits Na/K-ATPase activity in cells of the distal nephron, where its effect on the pump appears to be more pronounced and is mediated by activation of the DA1 receptor. The natriuretic effect of dopamine is probably exerted at both proximal and distal nephron sites.
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PMID:Dopamine inhibits Na/K-ATPase in single tubules and cultured cells from distal nephron. 135 25

Renal dopamine DA1 receptors are linked to the regulation of sodium transport. We have previously reported the presence of DA1 receptors in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) but not in the distal convoluted tubule. However, the DA1 receptor in the collecting duct, the final determinant of electrolyte transport, has not been studied. DA1 receptors were studied in the microdissected cortical collecting duct (CCD) of rats by autoradiography with use of the selective DA1 radioligand 125I-Sch 23982 and by measurement of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity. Specific binding of 125I-Sch 23982 to CCD was saturable with radioligand concentration. The dissociation constant (Kd) was 0.46 +/- 0.08 nM (n = 5), and the maximum receptor density (Bmax) was 1.41 +/- 0.43 fmol/mg protein (n = 5). The DA1 antagonist Sch 23390 was more effective than the DA1 agonist fenoldopam in competing for specific 125I-Sch 23982 binding. Fenoldopam stimulated AC activity in CCD in a concentration-dependent (10(-9)-10(-6) M) manner. The ability of fenoldopam to stimulate AC activity was similar in CCD and PCT even though DA1 receptor density was 1,000 times greater in the CCD than in the PCT. In additional studies, fenoldopam stimulation of AC activity did not influence vasopressin-stimulated AC activity. We conclude that the DA1 receptor in rat CCD is tightly coupled to AC stimulation and that there is no interaction between DA1 agonist-stimulated and vasopressin-stimulated AC activity in the CCD.
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PMID:DA1 dopamine receptors in renal cortical collecting duct. 168 70

Dopamine receptors have been identified in many tissues including the kidney. To establish an in vitro system as a model for dopamine action, we studied the effect of dopamine (DA) receptor agonists and antagonists on adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) formation in opossum kidney (OK) cells. The stimulation of cAMP production in these cells by dopamine was dose dependent, and markedly higher levels were observed in the presence of dopamine plus a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Half-maximal stimulation was found with 1.15 +/- 0.22 microM dopamine. A DA1-receptor agonist, SKF 82526J, stimulated cAMP production, whereas a DA2-receptor agonist, Ly 171555, did not. The stimulatory effects of dopamine and SKF 82526J were abolished by a specific DA1-receptor antagonist, Sch 23390 with half-maximal inhibition concentrations of 1.24 +/- 0.18 and 4.0 +/- 0.5 nM, respectively. In contrast, the DA2-receptor antagonist, spiperone, had no inhibitory effect on dopamine- and SKF 82526J-stimulated cAMP production. Beta-Adrenergic antagonists failed to attenuate the stimulatory effects of dopamine and SKF 82526J on cAMP production. In addition, the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol, did not stimulate cAMP production. These results suggest that the action of dopamine was not mediated through beta-adrenergic receptors. Furthermore, our results clearly demonstrated the existence of DA1-receptors linked to adenylate cyclase in OK cells.
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PMID:Dopamine stimulation of cAMP production in cultured opossum kidney cells. 169 97

The effect of the antihypertensive drug IP66 on dopamine-induced vasodilatation has been investigated in isolated perfused rat mesenteric bed. Experiments were carried out in phenoxybenzamine-pretreated preparations to avoid the involvement of alpha-adrenoceptors. Dopamine (1-100 microM) elicited a concentration-dependent relaxation of high-K(+)-induced vasoconstriction, which was resistant to propranolol (3 microM), but antagonized by the DA1-receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (0.1 microM). However, the dopamine-vasodilating component resistant to SCH 23390 (0.1 microM) could be abolished by simultaneous administration of propranolol. Thus, dopamine-induced vasodilatation is mainly ascribable to stimulation of DA1-receptors, although an action on beta 2-adrenoceptors might contribute as well. In presence of IP66 (10 nM), dopamine-induced vasodilatation was significantly enhanced. This amplifying activity was not observed with prazosin and it was blocked by propranolol (3 microM) but unaffected by SCH 23390 (0.1 microM) or by chemical sympathectomy. Furthermore, IP66 (10 nM) also increased, in a significant manner, the amplitude of vasodilatation elicited by the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline, both in rat mesenteric bed and in rat aortic strips. In rat aortic membranes, IP66 (10 nM) enhanced the stimulatory effect of terbutaline (1 microM) on adenylate cyclase activity. In conclusion, IP66 is able to enhance the vasodilatation of rat mesenteric vasculature induced by dopamine or terbutaline. It is proposed that this action might be consequent to an increase in efficiency of the coupling between beta 2-adrenoceptors and membrane adenylate cyclase.
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PMID:IP66 (1[2-ethoxy-2-(3'-pyridyl)ethyl]-4-(2'-methoxy-phenyl)piperazine) enhances beta-adrenoceptor-induced vasodilatation in rat mesenteric vascular bed. 196 68

The natriuretic effect of dopamine (DA) is less in younger than in older animals. The natriuretic (DA) is less in younger than in older animals. The natriuretic effect of DA is due in part to occupation of renal tubular DA1 receptors, which are most abundant in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). However, it has not been determined whether ontogenic differences in DA1-receptor density, affinity, or coupling to intracellular second messengers are involved in the reduced natriuretic effect of DA in the young animal. We therefore studied the DA1 receptor by radioligand binding with the DA1 antagonist 125I-SCH 23982 and the effect of DA1 agonists and guanine nucleotides on adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in microdissected PCT during development in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The dissociation constant (Kd) and maximum receptor density (Bmax) were similar in all groups (Kd, in nM: 11.9 +/- 0.7 at 3 wk, 10.6 +/- 0.4 at 8 wk, and 12.2 +/- 1.2 at 20 wk; Bmax, in fmol/mm PCT: 0.24 +/- 0.02 at 3 wk, 0.23 +/- 0.01 at 8 wk, and 0.24 +/- 0.01 at 20 wk). Basal AC activities were similar, and forskolin (10(-5) M), which directly stimulates AC, increased AC activity to a similar extent in all age groups. However, the DA1 agonists, fenoldopam (10(-5) M) and SND-919-CL2 (10(-6) M), increased AC activity in PCT to a greater extent in 20-wk-old (55 +/- 7%) than in 3-wk-old rats (27 +/- 1%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ontogeny of DA1 receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling in proximal convoluted tubules. 197 20

Dopamine relaxes precontracted rabbit isolated splenic arteries via stimulation of dopamine DA1 receptors on the smooth muscle. However, in many preparations, the effect of dopamine is small. In an attempt to increase the effectiveness of dopamine and thus increase the proportion of usable preparations, we have examined the effects, on the sensitivity of dopamine, of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and the adenylate cyclase stimulant forskolin. In tissues pretreated with phenoxybenzamine, and in the presence of propranolol, IBMX (1 mumol/l) or forskolin (0.01 mumol/l) produced a small increase in the sensitivity to dopamine in otherwise insensitive preparations. The maximum relaxation of U-46619-induced tone produced by dopamine was increased to around 50%. However, after treatment with higher concentrations of IBMX (10 mumol/l) or forskolin (0.1 mumol/l), previously insensitive preparations relaxed readily to dopamine with EC50 values in the range 1-3 mumol/l. Similarly, in spontaneously dopamine-sensitive preparations IBMX (1 mumol/l) or forskolin (0.01 mumol/l) produced only a 2-3-fold parallel shift to the left in the dopamine concentration-effect curves. However, higher concentrations of IBMX (10 mumol/l) or forskolin (0.1 mumol/l) produced 10-20-fold parallel shifts to the left in dopamine concentration-effect curves. Higher concentrations of IBMX (100 mumol/l) or forskolin (1 mumol/l) abolished the ability of the spasmogen to contract the preparations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Potentiation of the effects of dopamine in the rabbit isolated splenic artery by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine or forskolin. 248 47

Dopamine, like other neurotransmitters, exerts its biological effects by occupation of specific receptor subtypes. The dopamine receptors in the central nervous system and certain endocrine organs are classified into the D1/D2 subtypes. Outside the central nervous system, the dopamine receptors are classified into the DA1/DA2 subtypes. The D1/D2 and DA1/DA2 receptor have marked similarities and some differences, the most notable of which is the lower affinity of the DA dopamine compared with the D dopamine receptor. DA1 receptor activation increases renal blood flow (RBF); stimulation of DA1 and DA2 receptors may also increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR). DA1 agonists inhibit fluid and electrolyte transport indirectly via hemodynamic mechanisms and directly by occupation of DA1 receptors in specific nephron segments. In the proximal tubule, DA1 agonists simulate adenylate cyclase and inhibit Na+-H+ antiport activity. They also increase phospholipase C and inhibit Na+-K+-ATPase activity (presumably as a consequence of protein kinase C activation). The latter effects may be facilitated by DA2 agonists. In cortical collecting ducts, dopamine antagonizes the effects of mineralocorticoids and the hydrosomotic effect of antidiuretic hormone. It has also been suggested that DA1 may also decrease sodium transport by influencing other hormones, such as atrial natriuretic peptide. Studies of dopamine in the young are complicated because of the propensity for dopamine to stimulate alpha-adrenoceptors. Dopamine alone may actually decrease RBF in the perinatal period. In some animals, the renal vasodilatory and natriuretic effects of dopamine increase with age. Renal tubular DA1-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity increases, whereas renal tubular DA1 receptors decrease with age. Renal DA2 receptor density is greater in the fetus; after birth renal DA2 receptors do not change. Endogenous dopamine may regulate sodium excretion in the young differently than in the adult. In the adult, sodium surfeit is associated with an increase in urinary dopamine; the opposite occurs in the young. A decrease in dopamine production or blockade of dopamine receptors results in an antinatriuresis in the adult; dopamine blockade in the young results in a natriuresis. It remains to be determined whether these age-related differences in dopamine effects are due to changes in receptor DA subtype density, second messengers, and/or interaction with other receptors.
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PMID:The dopamine receptor in adult and maturing kidney. 257 2

Incubation of cultured mesenteric vascular smooth muscle cells with dopamine, in the presence of propranolol, caused an increase in cyclic AMP formation in a concentration-dependent manner (Ka apparent 6.8 +/- 0.5 microM). This effect of dopamine was inhibited by the DA1-receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (Ki = 1 nM). These results suggest that cultured mesenteric vascular smooth muscle cells express DA1-receptors linked to adenylate cyclase.
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PMID:Cultured mesenteric vascular smooth muscle cells express dopamine DA1-receptors. 285 67

The effect of dopamine and SK&F 82526 on cyclic AMP metabolism in ocular tissues has been examined. The in vitro incubation of human and bovine ciliary body with these agonists produced a dose-dependent increase in endogenous levels of cyclic AMP. This stimulation was blocked by the selective DA1 receptor antagonist SK&F 83566, but not by the beta-receptor antagonist propranolol. The response to SK&F 82526 was stereoselective, with SK&F R-82526 being approximately 100 times more potent than SK&F S-82526 in this preparation. This stimulation of ciliary body cyclic AMP content was not observed in the rabbit or cat, nor was it seen in human, bovine or rabbit iris tissue. These data suggest that adenylate cyclase linked dopamine receptors are present in both human and bovine ciliary body.
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PMID:Stimulation of endogenous cyclic AMP levels in ciliary body by SK&F 82526, a novel dopamine receptor agonist. 287 65


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