Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase)
 19,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The polyamine putrescine might be formed via a degradation (catalyzed by spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, SSAT) of the higher polyamines spermidine and spermine to putrescine. The involvement of different intracellular signal pathways in the regulation of putrescine formation was studied in explants and in cultured cells of rat parotid glands by using receptor agonists that activate separate second messenger systems, and measuring their effects on the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine and on the SSAT activity. The beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline, which is an activator of cAMP formation, increased the putrescine concentration and stimulated the SSAT activity. Pilocarpine, a drug that activates the muscarinic receptors and thereby enhances the phosphoinositide turnover, had no effect on either the polyamine concentrations or on the SSAT activity. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), which induces activation of a protein tyrosine kinase, had no effect on the polyamine concentrations or on the SSAT activity. The adenylate cyclase activator forskolin increased the glandular levels of putrescine. Taken together, these findings suggest that increases in putrescine concentration in cultured rat parotid gland cells are accompanied by accumulation of cAMP.
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PMID:Effects of receptor agonists on polyamine concentrations and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase activity in rat parotid gland. 822 5

Evans blue accumulated in parotid glands of conscious rats in response to feeding (over 60 min), in the absence of atropine and adrenoceptor antagonists and in their presence, and after pretreatment with the sensory neurotoxin capsaicin. Stimulation of the auriculo-temporal nerve (40 Hz, 10 or 20 min), without and with the blockers, caused Evans blue to accumulate. A periglandular oedema also contained the dye. Administration (i.v.) of neurokinin A accumulated Evans blue, while substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pilocarpine lacked effect. Pilocarpine enhanced the action of neurokinin A and, furthermore, substance P combined with either VIP, PACAP or CGRP resulted in accumulation of Evans blue. In the sublingual + submandibular glands, Evans blue increased in response to neurokinin A and pilocarpine; furthermore, substance P and VIP, and substance P and CGRP, interacted positively. Bradykinin lacked effect in the glands. Comparisons were made with the urinary bladder. Accumulation of Evans blue reflects plasma protein extravasation. In salivary glands, the phenomenon occurred during feeding and was independent on intact sensory innervation; instead, the parasympathetic innervation containing the neuropeptides was in focus. In the clinic, the present findings may have implications for the aetiology of gland swelling and pain.
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PMID:Vascular protein leakage in the rat parotid gland elicited by reflex stimulation, parasympathetic nerve stimulation and administration of neuropeptides. 980 4