Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase)
 19,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the role of augmented formation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the mediation of stromal cell growth factor production that occurs constitutively or upon cytokine stimulation. Clonal murine marrow adherent cell lines were stimulated under serum-free conditions by interleukin-1 (IL-1) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and one (+/+ -1.LDA11) was found to produce low quantities of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). GM-CSF identity was confirmed by the ability of supernatants from stromal cells to promote proliferation of the factor-dependent cell line FDC-P1, neutralization of this activity by antiserum to GM-CSF, and by Northern blot analysis. However, optimal concentrations of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), in combination, led to synergistic (greater than 5-fold higher quantity) GM-CSF production compared with either stimulus alone in the +/+ -1. LDA11 cell line, capable of GM-CSF production after only single stimulation with IL-1 or LPS. In addition, synergistic stimulation by IL-1 and TNF-alpha led to equivalent high amounts of GM-CSF in another cell line incapable of GM-CSF production after induction with only IL-1 or LPS. Any of several means to raise intracellular cAMP levels, including addition of 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (8Br cAMP) (0.25-1mM), pertussis toxin (20-100 ng/ml), or addition of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) (1 microM), failed to stimulate GM-CSF production alone and strongly inhibited GM-CSF production in stromal cells stimulated by IL-1, LPS, or the synergistic combination of IL-1 and TNF-alpha. In addition, PGE1 and pertussis intoxication were agonists of adenylate cyclase in membranes of marrow adherent cells, whereas IL-1 and LPS were not. The role for regulators of intracellular cAMP was specific because any of the cAMP agonists alone, or in the presence of cytokine stimulators of stromal cells, strongly enhanced IL-6 production, an event known to be cAMP-responsive. Thus, acute formation of intracellular cAMP is a negative regulator of stromal cell GM-CSF production mediated by cytokines, but positively regulates IL-6 production and may be an important determinant of cytokine-directed marrow microenvironmental function. These findings on the requirement for augmentation versus inhibition of cytokine-mediated production of hemopoietic growth factors might be applied to an analysis of marrow stromal cell heterogeneity.
Leukemia 1990 Jul
PMID:Role for cyclic AMP in the postreceptor control of cytokine-stimulated stromal cell growth factor production. 216 2

The rat promyelocytic leukemia cell line BNML is highly sensitive to cAMP elevating agents, and to cholera toxin (CT) in particular: 99.9% of the cells are killed in less than 48 hr of toxin treatment. We described here a subclone of the same leukemia, which, in contrast, is completely resistant to CT but still sensitive to other cAMP inducers. This locates the defect responsible for CT resistance at the membrane, somewhere between surface CT receptors and adenylate cyclase. CT-resistant BNML cells (CTR-BNML) do have surface CT receptors (several thousands per cell). Adenylate cyclase activity in CTR-BNML cells is not stimulated by cholera toxin. Other GS mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase (by PGE, isoproterenol, histamine, NaF) remains relatively high, though 25-60% lower than in CTS-BNML cells. These results suggest that a specific adenylate cyclase defect is involved in the resistance of CTR-BNML cells to cholera toxin.
Leukemia 1989 Apr
PMID:Cholera toxin resistance associated with deficient adenylate-cyclase activity in a subclone of the rat promyelocytic leukemia (BNML). 253 85

Mono-ADP ribosylation is a post-transcriptional modification of proteins which can alter their biological properties. Particular substrates for this reaction are the GTP-binding proteins involved in the adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C second messenger pathways. Consequently, mono-ADP ribosylation may be an important element in intracellular signaling. Cholera toxin is a potent mono-ADP-ribosyl transferase, while benzylaminododecylguanine hydrochloride (BADGH) is an inhibitor of cholera toxin-induced ADP ribosylation. We have used these compounds to modulate the effects of inducers of differentiation in HL-60 cells. Cholera toxin, although unable to induce differentiation itself, synergized with inducers of both granulocytic and monocytic differentiation. In contrast, BADGH selectively inhibited the growth of undifferentiated cells. These effects imply regulatory roles for substrates for mono-ADP ribosylation both in the proliferation of undifferentiated cells and in the early stages of differentiation.
Leukemia 1988 Aug
PMID:Agents which modify mono-ADP ribosylation can influence the differentiation of hemopoietic cells. 316 78

The second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In the present work, we evaluated the cAMP signaling in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells in the context of differentiation induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). There was a marked increase in the intracellular cAMP level within a few minutes after treatment with ATRA in APL cell line NB4 and fresh APL cells, whereas no such phenomenon was observed in NB4-R1 cells that are resistant to ATRA-induced maturation. In addition, the basal level of intracellular cAMP was lower in NB4-R1 than in NB4 cells. Mechanistic study showed that this induction of cAMP was mediated through the activation of adenylate cyclase. Moreover, we found that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity was quickly upregulated in parallel in ATRA-treated NB4 cells, and the phosphorylation of RARalpha by PKA could increase its transactivation effect. Use of H-89, an inhibitor of PKA, could partially suppress the transcriptional expression of ATRA target genes and ATRA-induced differentiation of APL cells. Taken together, we suggested a crosstalk between ATRA-induced cytosolic pathway and nuclear pathway in APL cell differentiation.
Leukemia 2004 Feb
PMID:Rapid induction of cAMP/PKA pathway during retinoic acid-induced acute promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation. 1462 75

Previously we identified a six-membered fragment 354TQVEHR359 of the C-terminal part of the PEDF (Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor) differentiation factor molecule that shares homology with fragment 41TGENHR46 of the HLDF (Human Leukemia Differentiation Factor) differentiation factor molecule, which is responsible for its differentiation activity. HLDF has been isolated from the culture medium of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. Hexapeptides HLDF-6 (TGENHR) and PEDF-6 (TQVEHR) corresponding to these HLDF and PEDF molecule fragments, which were previously shown to induce cell differentiation (Kostanyan et al. (2000) Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 26, 505-511), also have neuroprotective properties. Both peptides prevent degeneration of Purkinje cells of rat cerebellar vermis upon chemical hypoxia induced by sodium azide in vivo; this effect is also observed on a behavioral level. Peptide HLDF-6 but not PEDF-6 promotes survival of HL-60 cells upon chemical hypoxia. Peptides HLDF-6 and PEDF-6 affect different second messenger biosynthesis systems in HL-60 cells. HLDF-6 diminishes cyclic AMP level in those cells due to adenylate cyclase inhibition, while PEDF-6 inhibits phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C stimulated by aluminum tetrafluoride anions.
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PMID:Different mechanisms of protective and differentiative activities of homological peptides TGENHR and TQVEHR. 1537 65