Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase)
 19,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a 33 amino acid peptide hormone released from the intestinal endocrine cells following nutrient ingestion. GLP-2 exerts trophic effects on the small and large bowel epithelium via stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. GLP-2 also upregulates intestinal glucose transporter activity, and reduces gastric emptying and gastric acid secretion. The activity of GLP-2 is regulated in part via renal clearance and cleavage by the aminopeptidase dipeptidyl peptidase IV. In experimental models of intestinal disease, GLP-2 reversed parenteral nutrition-induced mucosal atrophy and accelerated the process of endogenous intestinal adaptation in rats following major small bowel resection. GLP-2 also markedly attenuated intestinal injury and weight loss in mice with chemically-induced colitis, and significantly reduced mortality, bacterial infection and intestinal mucosal damage in mice with indomethacin-induced enteritis. The actions of GLP-2 are transduced by a recently cloned glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor (GLP-2R) that represents a new member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The GLP-2R is expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract and GLP-2R activation is coupled to increased adenylate cyclase activity. The available evidence suggests that the biological properties of GLP-2 merit careful therapeutic assessment in selected human diseases characterized by injury and defective repair of the gastrointestinal epithelium.
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PMID:New frontiers in the biology of GLP-2. 1082 89