Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.2.3.23 (GAS)
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PCR-RFLP was used to genotype 87 Sarabi native cattle of north-western Iran for A and B alleles of kappa casein gene. A 350 bp length of exon 4 and intron 4 was amplified and digested with HinfI endonuclease. Samples were loaded on agarose gel (2%) and genotyped under UV light. Allele frequency of desirable B allele was 0.57. Stochastic simulation was used to generate milk yield trait for a population of 4950 females and 50 males for 15 overlapping generations. Population parameters included 1100 and 436 kg for average milk yield and phenotypic deviation, respectively; with heritability of 0.27. Additive and dominance effects of Kappa Casein gene were considered as 187.63 and 50.37 kg, respectively. Two methods were considered for selection of males based on the first phenotypic record of their dams (PAS) or molecular information of each male, individually (GAS). Females were always selected on their first phenotypic record. Although, there was a significant difference between polygenic and major gene genetic response between two methods after the 5th generations, but there was no significant difference for the sum of polygenic and major gene response. After 15 generations of selection there was no significant difference between inbreeding coefficient under two methods. Selection plan for males based on one single major gene had no advantage over the conventional selection based on dam record in native Sarabi breed.
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PMID:Analysis of selection effect based on kappa casein gene on milk yield production of Iranian Sarabi cattle breed using stochastic simulation. 1906 94

Embryo transfer is a reproductive technique that has a major impact on the dissemination of economically important genes and the rate of genetic gain in breeding schemes. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of sexed and genotyped embryos in commercial embryo transfer programs. Marker/gene assisted selection (MAS/GAS) projects can be performed in the pre-implantation stage through mass production of characterized embryos. Biopsy of a few cells in the morulla stage is essential for pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), in which sex determination, evaluation of disease genes, and genotyping for candidate genes are performed. Limited quantity of cells and low amount of DNA restrict the use of multiple molecular analyses in PGD programs. Recently, whole genome amplification (WGA) techniques promise to overcome this problem by providing sufficient input DNA for analysis. Among several techniques proposed for WGA, the primer extension pre-amplification (PEP) and the improved-primer extension pre-amplification (I-PEP) methods are the most commonly used. However, these methods are time-consuming and need more than 12 h amplification cycles. Since the time is a critical parameter in the successful characterized embryo transfer, the shortening of diagnosis time is highly desirable. In this study, we developed a short and simple I-PEP procedure (~3 h) and evaluated its performance for the amplification of bovine genomic DNA. We assessed short WGA procedure by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 7 specific loci. The results indicated that the short procedure possesses enough sensitivity for the molecular genetic analysis of 1 input cell. Although the efficiency of the method was 100%, there was an inconsistency between genomic DNA (gDNA) and whole genome amplification product (wgaDNA) genotypes for kappa-casein locus; that is, however, most likely due to allele drop-out (ADO) or false homozigocity. The results of this study indicate that with the application of reliable methods, WGA-amplified bovine DNA will be a useful source for sexing and genotyping bovine embryos in several quantitative trait locus (QTL) markers.
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PMID:A short and simple improved-primer extension preamplification (I-PEP) procedure for whole genome amplification (WGA) of bovine cells. 2229 99