Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.2.3.23 (GAS)
 957 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-six unipolar affective and 45 unipolar schizoaffective patients were compared using the same instruments as mentioned in part I of this study (this issue). In contrast to bipolar diseases significant differences regarding age at onset were found between the unipolar groups: schizoaffective unipolar patients became ill at a significantly lower age than affective unipolar patients (about 8 years). No other sociodemographic differences were found between the two groups. Patterns of course were found to be similar in both unipolar groups. Unipolar affective patients had a more favourable long-term outcome (GAS and WHO/DAS) than unipolar schizoaffective ones. Altogether, unipolar affective and unipolar schizoaffective disorders seems to have more similarities than differences.
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PMID:The concept of distinct but voluminous groups of bipolar and unipolar diseases. II. Unipolar diseases. 214 53

The Global Assessment Scale was used by multiple clinicians to rate 108 chronically mentally ill outpatients for 18 months. With prior training, high interrater reliability was obtained. Analysis suggests that fluctuations in patients' scores were not attributable to measurement error due to the sequential ratings of multiple clinicians. Moreover, GAS means were inversely correlated with decompensations over the study period. Results indicate that the DMS-III-R recommended use of the GAS in multiple-rater outpatient facilities can be both reliable and clinically useful when supported by thorough staff training.
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PMID:The longitudinal use of the Global Assessment Scale in multiple-rater situations. 220 64

We describe the symptomatology of different disease entities caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes, GAS). The case histories of four patients, two of whom died, emphasize the severity of certain clinical manifestations of GAS-infections. A 34 year-old woman was admitted to hospital four days after start of the symptoms. She presented a clinical picture very similar to that observed in fulminant meningococcal septicaemia; i.e. extensive skin haemorrhages, circulatory collapse, and multiple organ failure. She died within 12 hours of admission. GAS were isolated in blood culture. A seven day-old girl died before admission to hospital. GAS were isolated in blood cultures, cerebrospinal fluid and from her nose and throat. An eight year-old, psychomotoric retarded girl developed a severe left-sided pneumonia, empyema and scarlatina. GAS were detected in throat culture. She responded poorly to high doses of benzylpenicillin given intravenously. She recovered rapidly after thoracotomy and decortication of her left lung. Finally, we describe the case of an 11 year-old boy with rheumatic fever without cardiac involvement. The reported cases underline the need for careful diagnosis and penicillin treatment in cases of GAS-infections.
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PMID:[Clinical manifestations caused by group A streptococci]. 225 92

Azuletil sodium (AZE, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) did not affect the general behaviors, spontaneous motor activity, pentobarbital-induced hypnosis and body temperature. Furthermore, it did not elicit anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant actions. However, AZE (300 mg/kg, p.o.) elicited a stiff gate and slightly inhibited the spontaneous motor activity and electroshock-induced convulsions. It had no influence on spontaneous EEG activities, even at 30 mg/kg, i.v. AZE inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing moderately at doses above 100 mg/kg. AZE at concentrations up to 10(-5) g/ml did not affect agonist-induced contractions of the isolated ileum, trachea, vas deference and uterus, but inhibited serotonin and oxytocin-induced contraction at concentrations above 3 x 10(-4) and 10(-5) g/ml, respectively; and it also depressed spontaneous movements of the ileum and uterus at concentrations above 3 x 10(-4) g/ml. AZE caused no changes in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure, ECG, tracheal pressure (TP), femoral blood flow (FBF) and coronary blood flow (CBF) at doses up to 10 mg/kg, i.v. in anesthetized dogs, but it caused an increase or a decrease in BP, an increase in TP and an increase in CBF at 30 mg/kg, i.v. However, even at 300 mg/kg, p.o., it caused no changes in BP and HR in conscious rats. AZE moderately promoted the charcoal transport. AZE at doses up to 300 mg/kg, p.o. did not affect urine volume, urinary electrolyte excretion, blood glucose and prothrombin time. These results suggest that AZE at anti-ulcer doses of 10-100 mg/kg, p.o. does not have noticeable effects on general pharmacological properties, and there is no marked differences as compared with those of GAS.
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PMID:[General pharmacological properties of an anti-ulcer drug, azuletil sodium (KT1-32)]. 225 26

In this article the effects of stress-induced release of opioid peptides are integrated into the local (LAS) and general adaptation (GAS) syndrome. Findings are explained which plead for a participation in the LAS and AAS in the sense of a reserve mechanism for the maintenance of the homoeostasis. Three areas in which these opioid peptides possibly interact are discussed, articularly the adrenal glands because of their possible importance in effectuation of stress processes. Interactions between opioid system and catecholamines as well as of opioid peptides with substance P entitle to classify the opioid system as an effective regulator of biochemical processes in stress.
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PMID:[Stress and the endogenous opioid system. III. Classification of the opioid system in the process of adaptation]. 258 77

Seventy-two schizoaffective patients were investigated longitudinally (mean follow-up period 25.6 years). Long-term outcome of unipolar (N = 37) and bipolar (N = 35) schizoaffectives was compared. Different aspects of outcome were investigated separately using standardized instruments of evaluation. No differences were found between unipolar and bipolar schizoaffective patients with regard to global functioning (GAS), disability (WHO/DAS) or psychopathological symptomatology at follow-up. There were also no differences in social consequences of the illness, i.e. downward occupational and downward social drift, premature retirement and achievement of the expected social development.
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PMID:Unipolar and bipolar schizoaffective disorders: a comparative study. III. Long-term outcome. 259 63

During recent years there have been several cases of death due to severe infection caused by GAS. Here we report two cases treated at our hospital, one of a patient presenting with preshock (case 1), the other of a patient with septic shock (case 2), in both of whom the concentrations of various coagulation factors and platelet counts were low. Other clinical findings common to both cases were scarlet coloured maculopapular exanthema, relative bradycardia, excessive tendency to develop oedema, and impaired function both in the lungs, kidneys and brain; and both patients were devoid of antibodies against the most predominant toxins (B and C) of the GAS strains isolated. Initial treatment comprised extensive administration of fluids, antibiotics, antithrombin, and low dose hydrocortisone. Plasma exchange by continuous centrifugation (CS 3000 Travenol Baxter) was given twice in case 1 and five times in case 2. In case 2, besides human immunoglobulin with a high anti-GAS (toxins A, B and C) antibody content given at admission, the patient received respiratory support, infusion of inotropic drugs and CAVH. Both patients recovered. The risk of death is high in cases of progressive multiple organ failure during the course of septic shock; and where conventional treatment combinations fail to remedy the condition, adjuvant treatment components may prove successful.
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PMID:[2 cases of severe Streptococcus group A infection]. 268 89

An analysis of the inter-rater reliability, validity and sensibility to clinical change of Krawiecka's "Psychiatric Evaluation Scale" was carried out. Reliability was found to be fair to good in all items and the total score, the lowest values corresponding to "blunted-incongruent affect". Global validity was tested against Endicott et al's GAS and partial validity of "depression" against Beck Depression Inventory. In both cases positive and significant correlations were attained. The scale was also found to be sensitive to clinical changes in the following items: anxiety, delusions, hallucinations, incoherent-irrelevant speech and total score. Total score at one month after discharge significantly correlated with Strauss-Carpenter's "Out-come Scale" Endicott et al's GAS and a measure of daily instrumental activities eight months later.
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PMID:[Reliability, validity and sensitivity to change of the psychiatric evaluation scale of Krawiecka]. 273 16

1. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship of psychopathological, psychobiological, and clinical psychological variables to short- and medium-term outcome in schizophrenia. 2. The predictive power of several variables described as potential predictors in the literature were evaluated. To these we added clinical psychological variables; most of these had never been examined in a prospective study. 3. The sample consisted of a total of 45 patients. None of the patients was on medication and all were tested shortly after admission to the hospital. The following factors were regarded as outcome criteria: change in the GAS-score four weeks after admission, length of hospitalization after index admission, relapse nine months after admission and two years after discharge. 4. We found that the psychobiological data set as well as the clinical psychological data set had the highest predictive power with respect to short- and medium-term outcome. 5. An analysis of the single variables within the clinical psychological data set revealed that the patients with attention disorder and a low Stimulus Barrier Function (Bellak-scale) responded better to a four-week Haloperidol treatment. Patients with a low Stimulus Barrier Function at admission had, in comparison to this, a poor outcome after two years (relapse). (No patient was taking drugs regularly at this time.) The expressed emotion of the relative approached only significance (p less than .07) as a factor to be connected with relapse after two years. 6. As psychological factors the ANS activity and the CT were measured. The latter in order to evaluate possible atrophic alterations in the brain. 7. Higher activity of the ANS was found in those patients who were hospitalized for a longer period. Slight atrophic alterations of the brain (CT scan) were related to poor outcome after two years (relapse). 8. No significant relationship was found between the psychopathological state at admission and short- or medium-term course of the illness. 9. The findings are interpreted as showing the importance of psychobiological as well as clinical psychological variables in order to uncover the factors related to the heterogeneous course of the schizophrenic illness.
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PMID:Findings significant with respect to short- and medium-term outcome in schizophrenia--a preliminary report. 274 59

The influence of symptomatological and non-symptomatological factors on the long-term outcome of schizoaffective and schizophrenic disorders was investigated using the Analysis of Linear Structural Relationships (LISREL). The outcome was assessed employing the GAS, WHO/DAS, PIRS and the Bonn Criteria of Outcome. The analysis produced some interesting results in both groups, separately and in comparison with each other. The most striking difference between the two disorders concerns the finding that only symptomatological parameters directly influence the long-term outcome of schizoaffective disorders - melancholic episodes are correlated with favourable outcome, symptoms typical of schizophrenia with a relatively unfavourable outcome. Both symptomatological parameters (such as schizophrenic first-rank symptoms during course) and non-symptomatological parameters (such as life events or acuteness of onset) have a direct impact on the outcome. It was also found that "simple" depressive symptomatology (the presence of depressive symptoms not fulfilling the criteria of melancholic episodes according to DSM-III-R) has no influence on the long-term outcome of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Long-term outcome of schizoaffective and schizophrenic disorders: a comparative study. II. Causal-analytical investigations. 278 21


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