Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.2.3.23 (GAS)
 957 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The gene for the RNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha protein kinase (PKR) was isolated from mouse genomic DNA and characterized. The mouse PKR gene contains 16 exons and spans about 28 kilobase pairs. Exon 1 is untranslated; the AUG translation initiation site is located early in the second exon. Exon 16 includes the UAG translation termination site. ATTAAA polyadenylylation signal, and a putative TA rather than CA 3' cleavage site. Primer extension analysis determined one major as well as multiple minor transcription initiation sites; the major site was 159 bp upstream of the translation initiation site. The complete cDNA of mouse PKR is, therefore, 2334 bp in length excluding the 3' poly(A)+ tail. The PKR gene 5' flanking region was a functional promoter in interferon-treated, transfected cells as measured with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase as the reporter gene. Sequence analysis of the 5' flanking region disclosed numerous potential binding sites for transcription factors including both an ISRE element and a GAS element involved in interferon inducibility; Ets, Myb, MyoD, and E2F sites commonly associated with growth control regulation and differentiation; and NF-kappa B-like sites as well as sites for two types of interleukin 6-activated factors, NF-IL6 and APRF, often associated with acute-phase, immune, and inflammatory response genes.
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PMID:Mechanism of interferon action: structure of the mouse PKR gene encoding the interferon-inducible RNA-dependent protein kinase. 791

The activation status of a recently identified STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) factor, LIL-Stat (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]/IL-1-inducible Stat) in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells was investigated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays using nuclear extracts of leukemic cells from 7 patients with ATL and a GAS (gamma interferon activation site)-like element termed LILRE (LPS/IL-1-responsive element), which is found in the human prointerleukin 1beta (IL1B) gene. Spontaneous DNA binding of LIL-Stat was observed in all ATL cells examined. However, in normal human peripheral lymphocytes, DNA binding of LIL-Stat was detected only after stimulation with IL-1. These results demonstrated that LIL-Stat is constitutively activated in ATL cells. Furthermore, our transient transfection studies using LILRE chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporters argue that LIL-Stat in ATL cells functions as a transcriptional activator through binding to the LILRE in the IL1B gene. (Blood. 2000;95:2715-2718)
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PMID:Constitutive activation of LIL-Stat in adult T-cell leukemia cells. 1075 55