Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.2.3.23 (GAS)
 957 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Conventional serotyping for T antigens, rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (ribotyping) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were compared for distinguishing among group A streptococci isolated in Albania between 1980-1982 and in 1995. A total of twelve serotypes were identified among seventy GAS strains. Ribotyping revealed eight and eleven distinct patterns after digestion with HindIII and PvuII, respectively. Twenty-three strains of serotype T12 were subdivided in 10 ribotypes and 11 strains of T2 serotype were differentiated in 5 ribotypes. By comparison, PFGE generated 37 patterns after SmaI digestion. The index of discrimination, using the Hunter-Gaston formula, was applied to assess the value of these methods for interpretation of the epidemiological data. For serotyping the value of index was 0.85. The ribotyping system revealed an ID of 0.83 when the combination HindIII and PvuII was used. This index reached 0.97 for PFGE. The methods used were useful to subtype the isolates of GAS.
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PMID:Comparison of serotyping, ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for distinguishing group A Streptococcus strains isolated in Albania. 1087 Sep 41

In this study, we analyzed the antimicrobial resistance properties and T antigenic types of 511 isolates collected in Lisbon district, Portugal, from throat swabs of healthy subjects (n=341), during 2000-2002 and from diverse infection sites (n=170) of outpatients and inpatients, during 1999-2002. Erythromycin resistance was higher in tonsillitis/pharyngitis (27.4%) and skin infection isolates (21.1%), than in carriage and invasive isolates (<or=10%). Differences in erythromycin resistance among children and adults were noticed only for carriage isolates (9.3% in children and 21.1% in adults). Most erythromycin-resistant isolates from carriage (82.4%) and tonsillitis/pharyngitis (71.9%) showed the M phenotype. All M phenotype isolates (n=53) carried mef(A), whereas all MLS(B) phenotype isolates (n=19) carried erm(B) and not erm(A). Resistance to tetracycline [mediated by tet(M) in most isolates] was <or=6% in tonsillitis/pharyngitis and carriage isolates, 36.8% in skin infection isolates, and 44.1% in invasive isolates. The M phenotype increased since 2000, linked to a decrease of tetracycline resistance, and was predominantly associated with T1 in 2000-2001 and T12 in 2002 among carriage isolates, and with T8/25/Imp19 through 2000-2002 among tonsillitis/pharyngitis isolates. The majority (53%) of the tetracycline-resistant invasive isolates were nontypable. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin and chloramphenicol. This study showed that tetracycline and macrolide resistance frequency and phenotypes differ among GAS from various origins and changed over time. Moreover, T typing suggested that most drug-resistant isolates causing oropharyngeal carriage are distinct from the majority of isolates causing noninvasive and invasive infection.
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PMID:Group A Streptococci from carriage and disease in Portugal: evolution of antimicrobial resistance and T antigenic types during 2000-2002. 1635 96

Between October 2006 and April 2007, we enrolled 90 children with group A streptococcal infection in a prospective multicenter study. Children aged from 8 months to 12 years (6.2 +/- 2.2 years) treated with cefditoren pivoxil 9 mg/kg/day tid for 7 days were evaluated for clinical efficacy and bacterial effect at the end of therapy and were observed for the occurrence of recurrent infection and complications 4 weeks after the end of therapy. The most frequent T-types of 90 isolates were T1, T28, and T12 at 50.0%, 21.1%, and 11.1%. Of the 90, 11 did not return for follow-up. The 79 we evaluated clinical efficacy and their symptoms were ameliorated. Four still had GAS from pharyngeal swabs at the end of therapy. Isolates from them were identical to initial strains in T-type and PFGE pattern. All 78 observed within 1 month after the end of administration had no complications, but 5 had a recurrence of GAS infection. Two still had GAS from pharyngeal swabs at the end of therapy. Isolates from recurrence cases were identical to initial strains in T-type and PFGE pattern. Adverse effects were diarrhea observed in 1.
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PMID:[A multicenter study of 7-day cefditoren pivoxil treatment for group A streptococcal infection]. 1819 54

A steady decline in macrolide resistance among Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci [GAS]) in Portugal was reported during 1999 to 2006. This was accompanied by alterations in the prevalence of macrolide resistance phenotypes and in the clonal composition of the population. In order to test whether changes in the macrolide-resistant population reflected the same changing patterns of the overall population, we characterized both macrolide-susceptible and -resistant GAS associated with a diagnosis of tonsillo-pharyngitis recovered in the period from 2000 to 2005 in Portugal. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiling was the best predictor of emm type and the only typing method that could discriminate clones associated with macrolide resistance and susceptibility within each emm type. Six PFGE clusters were significantly associated with macrolide susceptibility: T3-emm3-ST406, T4-emm4-ST39, T1-emm1-ST28, T6-emm6-ST382, B3264-emm89-ST101/ST408, and T2-emm2-ST55. Four PFGE clusters were associated with macrolide resistance: T4-emm4-ST39, T28-emm28-ST52, T12-emm22-ST46, and T1-emm1-ST28. We found no evidence for frequent ongoing horizontal transfer of macrolide resistance determinants. The diversity of the macrolide-resistant population was lower than that of susceptible isolates. The differences found between the two populations suggest that the macrolide-resistant population of GAS has its own dynamics, independent of the behavior of the susceptible population.
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PMID:Differences between macrolide-resistant and -susceptible Streptococcus pyogenes: importance of clonal properties in addition to antibiotic consumption. 2290 53

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus; GAS) is an important gram-positive human pathogen capable of causing diseases ranging from mild superficial skin and pharyngeal infections to more severe invasive diseases, including streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). GAS produces a T protein, and T serotyping has considerable discriminatory power for epidemiological characterization of GAS. To clarify the relationship between STSS and pharyngitis in Japan, we examined the T serotypes of GAS strains isolated from clinical specimens of streptococcal infections (STSS, 951 isolates; pharyngitis, 16268 isolates) from 2005 to 2017. The most prevalent T serotype from pharyngitis isolates was T12, followed by T1, T4, and TB3264. The most prevalent T serotype from STSS isolates was T1, followed by TB3264. Trend of increase and decrease in the frequency of T1 or TB3264 isolation from pharyngitis was correlated with that of STSS patients. The increase of T1 or TB3264 strain-infection in pharyngitis patients may increase the probability of causing STSS, indicating that careful monitoring of GAS serotypes is essential for the prediction of rapid increase of STSS in time to develop effective management strategies.
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PMID:T serotyping of group a streptococcus isolated from patients with pharyngitis or streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan between 2005 and 2017. 3173 31