Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.2.2.7 (heparinase)
 1,270 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Routine bacteriological diagnosis of bovine mastitis does not provide an index to the obligate anaerobic flora involved. No anaerobic bacteria were recovered from cows with normal quarters or those with latent facultative anaerobic or aerobic udder infections as diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Dairy Federation. Simultaneous isolation of anaerobic bacteria from udder quarter abscesses and mastitic milk from the same quarter occur in some lactating dairy cows. In most dairy herds there are cows with anaerobic udder infections. Anaerobic bacteria have been isolated from lactating as well as from dry cows. Most anaerobic bacteria were isolated concurrently with facultative anaerobic bacteria except in aseptic mastitis cases. The polymicrobial nature of udder infections shows that multiple anaerobic as well as facultative anaerobic species colonise and act together. In spite of antibiotic therapy, anaerobic bacteria were still isolated from mastitic quarters. Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria were mostly sensitive to penicillin-G but most of the Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria were resistant and some Bacteroides fragilis strains produced beta-lactamase. Nearly all the aminoglycosides display consistently poor activity against anaerobic bacteria. A high degree of resistance against tetracyclines was also demonstrated. Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci and rods were sensitive to common antibiotics. The pathogenicity of several pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria has been demonstrated by their ability to induce clinical mastitis in healthy lactating udders. Anaerobic bacteria may act as mastitis pathogens probably in a primary and/or secondary role because clinical mastitis could be induced in normal quarters under experimental conditions. Their high prevalence of anaerobic bacteria in mastitic quarters and the ability of some strains to produce heparinase also suggests a pathogenic role. The handling of udder abscesses and the therapy of mastitis where anaerobic bacteria may be involved, is fully discussed.
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PMID:The role of anaerobic bacteria in bovine mastitis: a review. 269

The prevalence of strictly anaerobic bacteria in the secretions from untreated cases of mastitis in lactating dairy cows was investigated. The study involved 147 Friesland cows in 12 highveld herds. All herds yielded cows with anaerobic udder infections. No anaerobic bacteria were recovered from cows with normal quarters or those with latent aerobic infections. Only anaerobes were present in 10% of so-called 'aseptic' mastitis cases. A variety of anaerobic organisms was isolated concurrently with facultative bacteria from 5,3% and 58,8% of cases classified as subclinical and clinical respectively. Peptococcus spp. was associated with Corynebacterium pyogenes and Bacteroides spp. with Staphylococcus aureus and/or Streptococcus agalactiae in 80% anaerobic udder infections. Gram positive anaerobic species were mostly sensitive to penicillin-G but all the Gram negative rods were resistant. In addition, all B. fragilis strains produced beta-lactamase. The ability to produce heparinase was demonstrated in one strain of Peptococcus indolicus and a Peptostreptococcus sp.
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PMID:The frequency and some characteristics of anaerobic bacteria isolated from various forms of bovine mastitis. 635 74

A collection of 50 clinical isolates of Bacteroides was examined for plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid content. An attempt was then made to correlate the presence of plasmids with a specific phenotypic property. Of the 20 Bacteroides which contained plasmids, 18 were found to harbour plasmids of less than or equal to 9.8 megadaltons. The most common plasmid had a molecular weight of 4.8 megadaltons and was found in 9 strains. Most strains had multiple plasmid bands. All strains were examined for resistance to penicillin, cefoxitin, erythromycin, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, arsenate, silver, cadmium, mercury, chromium, lead, nickel and cobalt, and for the production of beta-lactamase, heparinase, deoxyribonuclease, haemolysins and bacteriocins. Using a Chi-squared analysis, there was no statistically significant correlation between any of these phenotypic traits and the presence of plasmids, except bacteriocin production. A total of 15 out of 20 (75%) of plasmid-containing strains produced bacteriocins while only 10 out of 30 (33%) of plasmid-free strains were capable of bacteriocin production (chi 2, p less than 0.005). Attempts to transfer or cure resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals or bacteriocin production were not successful.
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PMID:Physiological properties and plasmid content of Bacteroides spp. 653 4