Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.2.2.10 (PNL)
 341 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Monospecific antibodies directed to a Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-antigen) were obtained using artificial antigen. T-antigen immunodominant alpha-disaccharide Galbeta (1----3) GalNAc alpha 1-(T alpha) and its beta-anomer Gal beta (1----3) GalNAc beta 1-(T beta) were bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and cytochrome C (CCC) through a spacer (sp = -O(CH2)3NHCO (CH2)4CO-) by the azide method to give neoglycoproteins T alpha-sp-BSA, T alpha-sp-CCC and T beta-sp-BSA. Anti-T alpha antiserum was obtained by immunization of rabbits with T alpha-sp-BSA and then purified by sequential affinity chromatography on BSA-Sepharose and T alpha-sp-BSA-Sepharose to yield monospecific anti-T IgG antibodies. As elucidated by ELISA method, binding T alpha-sp-BSA to the antibodies was inhibited by T alpha-sp-CCC, T alpha-sp-OEt, asialofetuin, T alpha-OBzl, the activity of the inhibitors decreasing in the above order. Methyl beta-galactopyranoside, benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, disaccharide Gal beta (1----3) GalNAc and H-sp-BSA were inactive. The inhibitory analysis suggests that both disaccharide moiety T alpha- and a definite part of the spacer are important for the binding and that T alpha-OCH2 seems to be the minimal recognized structure. In immunoprecipitation tests the antibodies react with T alpha-sp-BSA but not with T beta-sp-BSA, whereas peanut (Arachis hypogaea) lectin (PNL) precipitated both T alpha- and T beta-sp-BSA. These data suggest the significance of the alpha-galactosaminide bond for the antibody recognition. Desialylated human erithrocites (natural T-antigen) were effectively agglutinated with the antibodies. Murine cortical thymocytes (obtained by agglutination-sedimentation method using PNL) were agglutinated with the antibodies only partially (67%), while these cells as well as the cells unaffected by the antibodies were completely agglutinated with PNL. These results indicate to different contents of glycoproteins (T alpha) and glycolipids (T beta) oligosaccharide determinants on the surface of cortical thymocytes species.
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PMID:[Monospecific antibodies against synthetic T-antigen. Characteristics of their specificity and use in the identification of T-antigenic determinants on the cell surface]. 241 65

We investigated the structure of glycoconjugates contained within the secretory end-pieces and ductal segments in the rabbit submandibular and sublingual glands. Glycosidic sequences were examined by means of enzymatic degradation with specific glycosidases (sialidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase) followed by lectin binding with PNL-HRP, WPL-HRP, WGL-HRP, SBL-HRP, Con A-HRP. It was found that this procedure represents a valid tool for studying carbohydrates, in so far as their characterization and localization were based only on colour reactions. In particular, this research showed that sialic acid was present in the terminal dimers sialic acid-beta-galactose and sialic acid-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine within the submandibular gland, whereas in the sublingual gland it was only present as the sequence sialic acid-beta-galactose. Conversely, fucose had as the subterminal sugar N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in both glands. Also, elucidations about structural sequences concerning other non-terminal sugars were obtained.
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PMID:Visualization of carbohydrate chains in rabbit salivary glands by means of enzymatic degradation and plant lectins. 314 37

The distribution of blood group antigen H(O), peanut lectin receptor (PNL-R) (a precursor to the MN blood group antigens), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was examined in 15 squamous cell carcinomas, 10 keratoacanthomas, 17 squamous dysplasias, and 5 normal controls using immunoperoxidase techniques. All controls and 8 carcinomas, 10 keratoacanthomas, 14 dysplasias expressed H antigen. All controls and 9 carcinomas, 10 keratoacanthomas, 16 dysplasias expressed PNL-R antigen. CEA was present in 15 carcinomas, in trace amounts in 3 keratoacanthomas, in 6 dysplasias, and in 0 controls. The staining for H antigen and PNL-R in the carcinomas and dysplasias was disorganized, patchy, and less than that of normal epithelium, while staining in keratoacanthomas was uniform, with normal to increased intensity as compared to controls in 9 cases. CEA showed weak focal staining in 5 carcinomas, 8 dysplasias and 3 keratoacanthomas, and more intense and extensive cytoplasmic and membrane staining in 10 carcinomas and 5 dysplasias, and no cellular staining in 4 dysplasias and 7 keratoacanthomas. CEA was present in greatest amounts in the well-differentiated carcinomas and focal in the less-differentiated tumors. The well-differentiated carcinomas had a greater percentage of cells staining for H antigen and PNL-R. The pattern of staining for H, PNL-R, and CEA appears to distinguish keratoacanthomas from carcinomas and squamous dysplasias, and may be a useful adjunct to diagnosis.
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PMID:H, peanut lectin receptor, and carcinoembryonic antigen distribution in keratoacanthomas, squamous dysplasias, and carcinomas of skin. 390 25

Ten tumours of tonsillar or epipharyngeal localization showing the histological picture of "lymphoepithelial carcinoma" (Schmincke 1921) were examined immunohistochemically using Peanut lectin, Ulex europaeus lectin-I and an antiserum to S-100 protein. The findings suggest a close relationship of this type of carcinoma to the normal tonsillar crypt epithelium. The majority of tumour cells are UEA-I-positive and PNL-negative, as is the crypt epithelium, while oral mucosa is both PNL- and to a lesser extent UEA-I-reactive. Tumour areas expressing this pattern contain a large number of asteroid-shaped PNL-positive histiocytes and arachnoid-shaped histiocytes reacting with anti-S-100 protein; both cell types being probably identical and representing typical elements of the normal tonsillar crypt epithelium. Consequently, the WHO-term "nasopharyngeal carcinoma, undifferentiated type" seems to be inadequate for this type of tumour.
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PMID:Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (Schmincke type) as a derivate of the tonsillar crypt epithelium. 643 1

To prove the existance of specific cellular immunity in leukemia the antigen preparations, obtained from the leukemia spleens and from embryos were studied in electrophoretic mobility test. It was shown that only spleens, which were obtained at days 2 and 3 after virus inoculation, possess the specific antigenic activity. Immunogenicity is associated with D-galactosyl residues, as was shown in the experiments with competitive inhibition by sugars, binding with peanut lectin and isolation of PNL-positive cells.
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PMID:Immunogenicity of splenocytes, associated with temporal exposition of D-galactosyl residues, in Rauscher leukemia. 649 76

The binding of horseradish-peroxidase-labelled peanut lectin (HRP-PNL) to cryostat sections of tonsil, lymphoma lymph nodes, reactive lymph nodes and miscellaneous tumours demonstrated that PNL binds selectively to lymphocytes in germinal centres. Lymph nodes from 21 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were phenotyped as cell suspensions for PNL binding, and the following surface markers: E rosetting, C3d, SIg, OK markers of T-cell subsets, Ig heavy-chain and light-chain classes. There was a positive correlation between PNL binding and cells with SIg and C3d receptors. 4/5 cases of centroblastic/centrocytic follicular lymphoma had a PNL+ SIg+ C3d+ phenotype. Both cases of centroblastic/centrocytic diffuse lymphoma were PNL-. There was no correlation between PNL binding and heavy- or light-chain Ig class. PNL binding and presence of C3d receptors were not always positively correlated, indicating that follicular cells may be either PNL+ SIg+ C3d+ or PNL+ SIg+ C3d-. The binding pattern of PNL to 1 case of thymic hyperplasia and 2 cases of malignant lymphoma lymphoblastic T type suggested that some but not all cortical thymocytes bind PNL.
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PMID:Binding of peanut lectin to germinal-centre cells: a marker for B-cell subsets of follicular lymphoma? 678 56

The binding pattern of horseradish peroxidase conjugated peanut lectin (HRP-PNL) on frozen sections of lymphoid tissue from man, mouse, rat, hamster, guinea-pig, rabbit, sheep and chicken has been investigated. Binding of PNL was found to be highly species dependent; man, mouse and sheep showed strong binding to lymphocytes in thymic cortex and germinal centres; lymphoid tissue from hamster, guinea-pig and rabbit did not stain with HRP-PNL and rat showed only lightly positive cells in thymic cortex and germinal centres; all lymphoid tissue from chicken, except the bursal cortex, bound PNL. Neuraminidase treatment of tissues which did not bind PNL resulted in strongly PNL-positive cells. Double binding studies on murine Peyer's patches with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated PNL (FITC-PNL) and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-anti-Thy-1.2 or anti-immunoglobulin reagents revealed 3%-10% of PNL positive cells to be Thy-1.2 positive and 70%-80% to bear surface immunoglobulin.
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PMID:Binding of peanut lectin to thymic cortex and germinal centres of lymphoid tissue. 697 47

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) lectin (PNL) has been shown to agglutinate the 90% of cells from murine thymus which are supposed to be immature cortical thymocytes. Further studies on the numbers of thymocytes binding fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated PNL (FITC-PNL) confirmed the large proportion of PNL binding cells. In other organs such as bone marrow, spleen and peripheral lymph nodes, smaller proportions of PNL positive cells have been recorded. PNL-positive cells outside the thymus have been reported to be either Thy 1-positive or null cells. It has also been suggested that PNL binding may be a marker for immaturity not only in relation to T lymphocytes but also amongst haematopoietic stem cells. Thus PNL binding as an aspect of lymphocyte differentiation is a matter of considerable interest. The current study describes the distribution of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated PNL (HRP-PNL) on frozen sections of mouse lymphoid organs. It seems that PNL binds to cells in germinal centres but not to those in some other areas containing activated lymphocytes. There is good correlation between the presence of PNL-binding germinal centres in frozen sections of lymphoid organs and the number of PNL-binding cells counted in cell suspensions from the same organs.
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PMID:Peanut lectin binding properties of germinal centres of mouse lymphoid tissue. 736 Feb 73

Mucous cells and enteroendocrine cells of the pyloric region of the ruin lizard (Podarcis sicula campestris De Betta) have been examined by lectin histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Binding to five plant lectins (Canavalia ensiformis, Con A; Triticum vulgare, wheat germ, WGL; Lotus tetragonolobus, winged pea, WPL; Glycine max, soybean, SBL; Arachis hypogaea, peanut, PNL) was performed to characterize glycoconjugates in the secretory products of superficial and glandular mucous cells. Lectin histochemistry revealed the presence of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the pyloric superficial cells. Mucous glandular cells mainly contained neutral glycoproteins with terminal residues of galactose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. These cells did not react with Con A after periodate oxidation-sodium borohydride reduction (Paradoxical Con A staining). In the pyloric glands three different types of endocrine cells were identified immunohistochemically: gastrin-, serotonin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells; VIP-, bombesin- or cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells have not been found in the pyloric mucosa.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical investigations on the pyloric glands of the ruin lizard (Podarcis sicula campestris de Betta). 791 80