Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.2.2.10 (PNL)
 341 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A Dornier MFL 5000, a new generation extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter, was installed in our hospital and the first Japanese clinical experience has been collected between July and November in 1989. We report our experience with the first 35 patients with 45 stones who were treated in 42 treatments using ESWL. We followed up 3 weeks. No invasive anesthesia was performed except 2 cases of epidural anesthesia. A double J catheter was installed in 2 patients, a ureteral catheter in 4 patients, and PNL was performed in 2 patients before ESWL. We did not use a PNL or a TUL in the postoperative treatment. In the 3 week followed up period, 29 patients (82.9%) were completely free from stone fragments. No serious complications were observed after ESWL. We conclude that the DORNIER MFL 5000 is effective for renal and ureteral stones without serious complications.
Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1990 Dec
PMID:[Clinical experience with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy MFL-5000 for urinary stone]. 229 13

Statistical analysis of the inpatients and operations in our department from April, 1971 to December, 1986 revealed a total of 4,984 operations. Operations on the prostate were the most frequent (1,088 cases), followed by operations on the bladder (991 cases), on the ureter (816 cases), and kidney (719 cases). Among the operations, the percentage of endourological surgery and that of open surgery was 20.5% and 79.5% during the three years from 1975 to 1977, but in the recent three years from 1984 to 1986, these percentages were 62.6% and 37.4%, respectively, the rates being completely inverted. This shows that new endourological surgery, such as PNL, TUL, is progressing rapidly these years.
Hinyokika Kiyo 1988 Dec
PMID:[Statistics on operations at the Hara Genitourinary Hospital (1971-1986)]. 323 27

A new method for detecting enzymes produced by fungal spores during germination is described here. With this method, the production of enzymes such as protease, cellulase, or pectinase can be correlated with the extent of spore germination. Germination is studied in vitro on agar-based media containing protein, cellulose, or pectin. The spores are immobilized on a permeable membrane mounted on the substrate-containing medium. At various times after inoculation the membrane-bound spores are removed and the medium is stained. The extent of germination is assessed by microscopic examination of the spores and the presence of active hydrolytic enzymes is revealed by the staining. The staining methods are sensitive; detection limits are 1 X 10(-3) unit of cellulase; 2 X 10(-4) unit of protease; 3 X 10(-3) unit of pectin lyase; 3.5 units of polygalacturonase; 2 X 10(-3) unit of pectin methyl esterase. The method has been demonstrated by studying the production of enzymes by germinating conidia of Botrytis cinerea. Cellulase and protease were present before any spores germinated. Pectin lyase was first observed when at least 80% of the spores had germinated. Pectin methyl esterase and polygalacturonase were not produced by the spores.
Anal Biochem 1985 Dec
PMID:Plate assay for determining the time of production of protease, cellulase, and pectinases by germinating fungal spores. 391 30

In most soft-rotting Erwinia spp., including E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strain 71 (Ecc71), production of the plant cell wall degrading enzyme pectin lyase (Pnl) is activated by DNA-damaging agents such as mitomycin C (MC). Induction of Pnl production in Ecc71 requires a functional recA gene and the rdg locus. DNA sequencing and RNA analyses revealed that the rdg locus contains two regulatory genes, rdgA and rdgB, in separate transcriptional units. There is high homology between RdgA and repressors of lambdoid phages, specially phi 80. RdgB, however, has significant homology with transcriptional activators of Mu phage. Both RdgA and RdgB are also predicted to possess helix-turn-helix motifs. By replacing the rdgB promoter with the IPTG-inducible tac promoter, we have determined that rdgB by itself can activate Pnl production in Escherichia coli. However, deletion analysis of rdg+ DNA indicated that, when driven by their native promoters, functions of both rdgA and rdgB are required for the induction of pnlA expression by MC treatment. While rdgB transcription occurs only after MC treatment, a substantial level of rdgA mRNA is detected in the absence of MC treatment. Moreover, upon induction with MC, a new rdgA mRNA species, initiated from a different start site, is produced at a high level. Thus, the two closely linked rdgA and rdgB genes, required for the regulation of Pnl production, are expressed differently in Ecc71.
Mol Microbiol 1994 Dec
PMID:Nucleotide sequence, organization and expression of rdgA and rdgB genes that regulate pectin lyase production in the plant pathogenic bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in response to DNA-damaging agents. 771 60

We constructed deletion mutant clones of a pectin lyase gene, and measured their pectin lyase activities in Escherichia coli. Pectin lyase activities were detected only in a recA+ strain but not in a recA- strain of E. coli. We also cloned and sequenced recA from Pseudomonas marginalis N6301. The recA from P. marginalis N6301 can complement recA- to form recA+ in the phenotype of E. coli. Highly conserved sequences of recA are observed among E. coli, P. fluorescens, and P. marginalis. From these results, we presume that recA is required for the expression of the pectin lyase gene in P. marginalis N6301.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1994 Dec
PMID:Expression of a pectin lyase gene in Escherichia coli from Pseudomonas marginalis N6301. 776 26

99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy was utilized to investigate the influence of ESWL on renal function in comparison with that of PNL. In the beginning, the reproducibility of renal uptake rate by the scintigraphy was examined in eleven healthy volunteers under both non-diuretic and diuretic states. The renal uptake rate was shown to be sufficiently reproducible in the same person in the two different trials. However, the differences and the standard deviations were shown to be a few percentages, which were not statistically significant. Changes in the repeated renal uptake rate seem to indicate not only changes of renal function with the treatment but also some technical errors. Herein, to investigate changes in renal function of the therapeutic side, the uptake ratio rate (rate of uptake rate in the therapeutic side/uptake rate in the contral lateral side) was utilized instead of uptake rate. Renal scintigraphy was carried out in 48 patients with unilateral renal stones before and after ESWL or PNL monotherapy or the combined ESWL and PNL therapies. Within one week of treatment, the uptake ratio rate significantly decreased in patients with PNL or the combined ESWL and PNL, although DMSA uptake rate in the therapeutic side did not significantly changes. Neither renal uptake rate nor uptake ratio rate significantly changed after ESWL treatment. There was no significant difference in changes of uptake ratio rate between Siemens Lithostars Plus and the improved Dornier HM-3 lithotriptors. This study indicated that ESWL monotherapy did not affect the uptake ratio rate, although PNL monotherapy and the combined ESWL and PNL therapies may affect the uptake ratio rate to some extent.
Hinyokika Kiyo 1994 Dec
PMID:[Influence of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on renal function assessed by 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy: comparative analysis between ESWL and percutaneous nephroureterolithotripsy (PNL)]. 786 57

Partially depectinated apple cell walls were digested by pectin lyase or endoglucanase or a combination. By combining these commercial enzymes, a higher yield of 22.2% of carbohydrate material was obtained compared with only 13.9% and 5.7%, respectively, when using them singly. Only small amounts of carbohydrates were extracted by buffer (0.8%). The solubilized extracts were fractionated using a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The individual subfractions were analysed for neutral sugar and uronic acid content. The results indicated the existence of a synergistic effect between pectin lyase and endoglucanase based on the percentage of material extracted.
Int J Biol Macromol 1995 Dec
PMID:Enzymatic degradation of cell walls of apples and characterization of solubilized products. 878 36

The production of pectin lyase (Pnl) in Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora strain 71 is induced by DNA-damaging agents such as mitomycin C (MC). This induction requires functions of recA, rdgA and rdgB genes. Based upon sequence homology, rdgA was predicted to encode a repressor and rdgB was presumed to specify a transcriptional activator. To elucidate the function of rdgA, the gene has been over-expressed in Escherichia coli, and the 30 kDa product purified by ammonium-sulphate precipitation, heparin-agarose chromatography and gel filtration. The results of gel mobility-shift and DNase I protection assays revealed that purified RdgA specifically binds the rdgA operator sequence located between the -10 and -35 boxes. The expression of a rdgA-lacZ gene fusion in E. coli MC4100 is suppressed upon overproduction of RdgA from a Ptac-rdgA construct induced by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). However, the suppression of rdgA-tacZ expression is relieved by MC in the RecA+ E. coli strain MC4100, but not in its RecA- derivative, MC4160. An immunoblot analysis revealed RecA-dependent in vivo cleavage of the 30 kDa RdgA protein upon MC treatment. These results demonstrate that the transcription of rdgA is autoregulated, and strongly support the idea that proteolytic activity of RecA* is responsible for the derepression of rdgA expression.
Mol Microbiol 1996 Dec
PMID:RecA relieves negative autoregulation of rdgA, which specifies a component of the RecA-Rdg regulatory circuit controlling pectin lyase production in Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora. 897 12

The gene encoding the pectin lyase (PNL; EC 4.2.2.10) of Bacillus subtilis has been cloned, sequenced, and characterized. A coding sequence for the PNL composed of 345 amino acids including a 24-amino-acid signal peptide was assigned. No sequence resembling a LexA binding site was found upstream of the structural gene. Furthermore, PNL activity of the gene product expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha was detected intracellularly, which might suggest that expression of the gene was not controlled by RecA. Regulation of the gene expression seemed to be quite different from that of other bacterial PNL genes previously reported.
FEBS Lett 1996 Dec 02
PMID:Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding phosphate-inducible pectin lyase of Bacillus subtilis. 897 21

We report the cloning and characterization of a gene encoding a ferulic acid esterase, faeA, from Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis. The A. niger and A. tubingensis genes have a high degree of sequence identity and contain one conserved intron. The gene product, FAEA, was overexpressed in wild-type A. tubingensis and a protease-deficient A. niger mutant. Overexpression of both genes in wild-type A. tubingensis and an A. niger protease-deficient mutant showed that the A. tubingensis gene product is more sensitive to degradation than the equivalent gene product from A. niger. FAEA from A. niger was identical to A. niger FAE-III (C. B. Faulds and G. Williamson, Microbiology 140:779-787, 1994), as assessed by molecular mass, pH and temperature optima, pI, N-terminal sequence, and activity on methyl ferulate. The faeA gene was induced by growth on wheat arabinoxylan and sugar beet pectin, and its gene product (FAEA) released ferulic acid from wheat arabinoxylan. The rate of release was enhanced by the presence of a xylanase. FAEA also hydrolyzed smaller amounts of ferulic acid from sugar beet pectin, but the rate was hardly affected by addition of an endo-pectin lyase.
Appl Environ Microbiol 1997 Dec
PMID:The faeA genes from Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis encode ferulic acid esterases involved in degradation of complex cell wall polysaccharides. 940 81


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