Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.2.2.10 (PNL)
 341 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The destruction of renal parenchyma caused by excess deflection of the sheath was examined to determine at what level of force the renal parenchyma was ruptured during PNL. The kidney obtained from right nephroureterectomy due to renal pelvic cancer (stage T2N0M0) of a 54-year-old female patient was punctured at the posterolateral portion with a puncture needle. The tract was dilated up to 26 Fr. in size with an Amplatz renal dilation set. The 26 Fr. sheath was left in the tract and fixed to the metal bar attached to Gig Boring Machine (Hydroptic-6) which could sense the change of pressure added to the renal parenchyma in the parallel movement of the metal bar. The critical angle in regard to the deflection of the renal parenchyma in order not to cause the rupture of renal parenchyma on PNL was calculated from both the resultant force and the shape of the wound of renal parenchyma at rupture. The safety angle against horizontal plane of the tract ranged from 18 to 37 degree.
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PMID:Destruction of renal parenchyma at percutaneous nephrolithotripsy; experimental study. 280

Histochemical study by traditional staining methods (AB, PAS, HID) and by the use of five peroxidase-labelled lectins (ConA, WGL, WPL, SBL, PNL) were carried out to characterize glycoconjugates in the secretory cells of the nasal mucosa of the Lacertid lizard Podarcis sicula campestris De Betta. The mucus covering the nasal epithelium is produced by the supporting cells and the Bowman glands in the olfactory area, and by typical goblet cells and, probably, a second type of secretory cell, in the non-sensory area. Neutral glycoconjugates containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and terminal N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-mannose and D-glucose residues were present in the secretory product of the Bowman glands. L-fucose and D-galactose were absent. In the supporting cells the secretory product consisted mainly of sulfated glycoproteins containing D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-mannose, D-glucose, but not L-fucose. Glycoconjugates containing terminal sialic acid and penultimate D-galactose were present in typical goblet cells as was N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
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PMID:Lectin histochemistry of secretory cell glycoconjugates in the nasal mucosa of Podarcis sicula campestris De Betta (Reptilia, Lacertidae). 281 23

Ninety two tissue blocks from the left colon and 52 from the right colon were obtained from 112 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Tissues from 137 patients with other conditions served as controls. Within the main study a smaller investigation was performed to compare sections from the left and right colon in the same subject. Several well known histochemical techniques were used to investigate possible changes in sulphation, sialic acid structure (loss of O-acetyl substituents), and changes in the ratio of sialic acid to neutral sugars. In patients with FAP, as in controls, there was increased expression of periodic acid Schiff positive mucin and fucose in the right colon. The only difference between patients with FAP and controls was the indirect demonstration of less neutral mucin in the right colon in FAP, but this did not seem to affect neutral sugars binding to UEA-1, PNL, or HPA. As in the general population, a small proportion of patients with FAP showed a lack of O-acetyl substituted sialic acid. Sialic acid heterogeneity probably has a genetic basis, but this is not associated with the genetic defect underlying FAP.
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PMID:Colorectal goblet cell mucins in familial adenomatous polyposis. 303 64

A pectin lyase (PNL; EC 4.2.2.10) was isolated from culture filtrates of Pseudomonas fluorescens W51 and purified to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme catalyzed a random eliminative cleavage of pectin but not sodium polypectate, and it macerated plant tissue. The Mr of the PNL on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels was 32,000 +/- 1,000, and the isoelectric point was 9.4 as determined by isoelectric focusing. The enzyme was constitutively produced, since the highest yields were obtained when glycerol was used as a sole carbon source, and addition of pectin to the medium did not increase its production. Antibodies against purified PNL reacted in Western blots (immunoblots) with a pectate lyase (PLb) produced by Erwinia chrysanthemi EC16. The PNL appeared to be the only factor secreted into the culture medium by P. fluorescens W51 which macerated plant tissue and is probably involved in the soft rot disease caused by the bacterium.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of a pectin lyase produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens W51. 311 58

We investigated the structure of glycoconjugates contained within the secretory end-pieces and ductal segments in the rabbit submandibular and sublingual glands. Glycosidic sequences were examined by means of enzymatic degradation with specific glycosidases (sialidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase) followed by lectin binding with PNL-HRP, WPL-HRP, WGL-HRP, SBL-HRP, Con A-HRP. It was found that this procedure represents a valid tool for studying carbohydrates, in so far as their characterization and localization were based only on colour reactions. In particular, this research showed that sialic acid was present in the terminal dimers sialic acid-beta-galactose and sialic acid-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine within the submandibular gland, whereas in the sublingual gland it was only present as the sequence sialic acid-beta-galactose. Conversely, fucose had as the subterminal sugar N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in both glands. Also, elucidations about structural sequences concerning other non-terminal sugars were obtained.
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PMID:Visualization of carbohydrate chains in rabbit salivary glands by means of enzymatic degradation and plant lectins. 314 37

Statistical analysis of the inpatients and operations in our department from April, 1971 to December, 1986 revealed a total of 4,984 operations. Operations on the prostate were the most frequent (1,088 cases), followed by operations on the bladder (991 cases), on the ureter (816 cases), and kidney (719 cases). Among the operations, the percentage of endourological surgery and that of open surgery was 20.5% and 79.5% during the three years from 1975 to 1977, but in the recent three years from 1984 to 1986, these percentages were 62.6% and 37.4%, respectively, the rates being completely inverted. This shows that new endourological surgery, such as PNL, TUL, is progressing rapidly these years.
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PMID:[Statistics on operations at the Hara Genitourinary Hospital (1971-1986)]. 323 27

Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats, 200-225 g, were mated. Two groups of rats were killed after 3 wk of nursing eight pups (PL-1) or no lactation (PNL-1). The remaining two groups went through three cycles of pregnancy/lactation (PL-3) or pregnancy/no lactation (PNL-3) and were then killed for carcass composition analysis. Two virgin groups (CON-1, CON-3) served as age controls and were killed at the appropriate time. There was a gradual reduction in food intake from cycle 1 to cycle 3 for all groups. PL-3 rats ingested significantly more food than PNL-3 rats in pregnancies of cycle 2 and cycle 3. At the end of cycle 1, there was no difference in body weight, carcass weight, fat content and fat cell cellularity in parametrial and subcutaneous fat pads between three groups of rats. However, after three cycles, the PL-3 group had significantly reduced carcass fat content because of a significant reduction in fat cell number. Repeated pregnancy followed by no lactation resulted in greater carcass fat content and fat cell number in the subcutaneous pad than observed in lactating rats, although these increases failed to reach significance when compared with virgin controls. Thus lactation may not only be beneficial to the offspring but also enhances maternal weight loss and prevents obesity in multiparous individuals.
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PMID:Repeated pregnancy without lactation: effects on carcass composition and adipose tissue cellularity in rats. 333 44

Forty-two (44 renal units) were treated by combination of ESWL and percutaneous nephrostomy or PNL. Staghorn calculi were found in 33, renal stones in 6 and ureter stones in 5. Residual stone rate was 18.2% in staghorn calculi. No severe complications were seen.
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PMID:[Clinical results of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and percutaneous nephroureterolithotripsy (PNL) in combination]. 337 13

Thirty-five patients (37 renal units) were treated by PNL. Nine had complete staghorn calculi, 2 multiple reno-ureteral stones, 12 solitary renal stone, and 14 upper ureteral stone. The success rate was 94.6%. No severe complications were seen.
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PMID:[Clinical results of percutaneous nephroureterolithotripsy]. 337 14

1. Polysaccharide depolymerases and glycoside hydrolases involved in the breakdown of plant structural polysaccharides (hemicellulose and pectins) were monitored in three fractions of the liquid phase of horse caecum digesta: acellular fluid (AF), bacteria (B) and protozoa plus bacteria (PB). 2. Both bacteria and protozoa were found to be involved in the decomposition of pectic substances, with two enzymic activities: depolymerase (polygalacturonase, EC 3.2.1.15; and pectin lyase, EC 4.2.2.10) and esterase (pectinesterase, EC 3.1.1.11). The activity of the PB fraction was higher than that of B. 3. With hemicellulosic substrates, all three fractions showed a significant xylan endo-1,3-beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.32) activity. Mannan was hardly broken down. 4. Galactomannan and arabinogalactan were broken down more extensively by the PB fraction than by the B fraction. Glycosidase activities (xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase, EC 3.2.1.37 and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, EC 3.2.1.55) were also observed.
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PMID:Degradation of hemicellulose and pectin by horse caecum contents. 340 1


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