Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.2.2.10 (PNL)
 341 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The sequence of appearance of cell wall degrading enzymes of Rhizoctonia solani propagules was followed. Polygalacturonase (PG; EC 3.2.1.15) was induced earlier by sodium polypectate (NaPP) as compared with the induction of cellulase (Cx; EC 3.2.1.4) by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellobiose, or fibrous cellulose powder. Increasing CMC concentration to 0.5% shortened the time of Cx appearance. In Czapek medium containing citrus pectin, pectin lyase (PL; EC 4.2.2.10) was produced faster and at higher amounts than in a medium containing NaPP as the sole carbon source. PG appearance also preceded that of PL in media simultaneously supplemented with their respective inducers. NaPP, which induced production of PG, repressed Cx production. Among the Cx inducers, only CMC and cellobiose repressed PG production to any extent. At pH 6.0, either in a synthetic medium or on autoclaved bean hypocotyl segments, a delay in PG production as compared with Cx and Pl production was observed. Optimal pH levels for enzyme production and activity were 4.0 and 5.0 for PG, and 5.5 for Cx, and 8.0 and 7.5 for PL. PG was less repressed than Cx by glucose, cellobiose, and monogalacturonic acid, while PL was not affected.
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PMID:Sequential production of polygalacturonase, cellulase, and pectin lyase by Rhizoctonia solani. 24 78

From the culture liquid filtrate of Verticillium dahliae--cotton wilt agent--pectin trans-eliminase (EC) was isolated. The enzyme was isolated and examined, using ultrafiltration, gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, isoelectrofocusing, and electrophoresis. The fungus was found capable to produce several forms of pectin trans-eliminase that differed in their molecular weight, charge, synthesis and release regulation, substrate action (position of bonding breakdowns in the pectin polymer molecule). Pectin trans-eliminase activity was also detected in cell walls of the fungal mycelium. Possible origin of multiple forms of the enzyme is discussed.
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PMID:[Multiple forms of pectin trans-eliminase from Verticillium dahliae Klebahn -- cotton wilt agent]. 57 Nov 22

62 cases of ABL have been investigated over the last 20 years. In our series ABL were 5% of all acute leukaemias. Four ABL types can be distinguished : (a) the basophilic terminal phase (basophilic blastic crisis) of cronic myeloid leukemia; (b) the mixed basophilic-oesinophilic types; (c) the promyelocytic basophilic type; and (d) histio basoblastic type. The first two are quite rare. The promyelocytic basophilic type can be easily differentiated from PNL; the frequency of the latter is three times higher. Fundamental to diagnosis are cytochemical stains specific for acid mucopolysacchaes. Myelobiopsy is always essential since in almost 50% of the cases no typical cells appears in the peripheral blood. In the bone marrow Ab are very numerous and and pleiomorphic. ABL is marked from its onset by a severe symptomatology. In contrast to our experience in PNL, only do some patients with ABL achieve complete remission.
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PMID:Follow-up of sixty two cases of acute basophilic leukemia. 66 77

In parallel studies the effects of FHL1 and PNL on plated melanoma cells from cell lines and short-term cultures were compared. FHL showed more frequent and also stronger cytotoxic and/or growth-inhibiting effects than PNL. On melanoma target cells from cell lines both FHL and PNL showed more frequent and stronger cytotoxic and/or growth-inhibiting effects than on melanoma target cells from short-term cultures. In the individual donors the percentage of monocytes and EAC-rosette-forming cells in FHL was significantly higher than in PNL. A significant correlation was found between multiplication of the melanoma target cells during the period and an increased susceptibility towards lymphocytes from healthy donors. Melanoma target cells from cell lines were not more fragile, or more susceptible to unfavourable culture conditions than cells from short-term cultures, since non-lymphocytic "effector" cells showed much weaker cytotoxic and/or growth-inhibiting effects than lymphocytes from healthy donors. Cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes from healthy donors were also registered on target cells from a mammary carcinoma and an osteosarcoma cell line. No significant differences in the cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes from healthy donor were observed when tested on mycoplasma-contaminated melanoma cells and the same cells made mycoplasma-free. Mitomycin-C-treated lymphocytes retained their cytotoxic effects. Lymphocytes from a healthy donor tested on different occasions on the same melanoma cells from a short-term culture showed an incidental cytotoxic reaction.
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PMID:The influence of different isolation procedures and the use of target cells from melanoma cell lines and short-term cultures on the non-specific cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes from healthy donors. 105 13

From 250 upper tract obstructive uropathy cases we have studied 64 patients hospitalized with toxico-septic shock. The constant symptom was arterial hypotension. Other 3 patients with long-standing urinary infection due to lithiasis developed this dreaded complication after PNL (staghorn stones-2, pyelic stone-1). In complicated obstructive uropathy cases associated with toxico-septic shock, percutaneous nephrostomy for high urinary derivation in emergency is usually made under local anaesthesia. Its aim is rapid and efficient clearance of kidney obstruction, with minimal damage for the patient; then it is followed by strong antibiotherapy associated with other reanimation and intensive care measures. There were 11 deaths. The stone generating obstructive uropathy was removed subsequently, after the improvement of biological constants and general state of the patient, under the protection of percutaneous nephrostomy.
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PMID:Emergency percutaneous nephrostomy in the septic kidney. 141 17

The nucleotide sequence of pelB, a member of the Aspergillus niger pectin lyase multigene family, has been determined. The pelB gene product, PLB, shares 65% amino acid identity with pectin lyase A (PLA) and 60% with pectin lyase D (PLD). Although growth of pelB multicopy transformants on pectin-containing media results in elevated pelB mRNA levels, pectin lyase B (PLB) is barely detectable. This is probably due to degradation of PLB by acid proteases, since multicopy transformants grown on pectin medium with a high concentration of phosphate, leading to a less rapid decline in pH, secrete detectable amounts of PLB. To produce PLB in high amounts under conditions where few other extracellular enzymes are present, we tried two strategies. Firstly, heterologous expression of the pelB gene in A. nidulans, and secondly, expression of the pelB gene under control of the constitutive A. niger pki promoter.
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PMID:Characterization of the Aspergillus niger pelB gene: structure and regulation of expression. 149 74

An arabinoxylan-rhamnogalacturonan complex, comprised of galacturonic acid, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, and galactose in the ratios 75.9:4.6:5.2:3.5:5.4 and lesser amounts of other constituents, was dissociated from the water-insoluble matrix of cell walls of Zea mays by xylanase and glucuronoxylanase treatment. The solubilized complex retained its integrity when subjected to a series of separation procedures, and analysis of the sugar components throughout the elution profiles exhibited consistent ratios. The complex was subjected to controlled degradation by pectate lyase and pectin lyase, yielding two components comprised of rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, galactose, and galacturonic acid in the ratios 10.9:1.5:13.1:16.9:27.7:30.0 and 8.5:1.7:11.8:6.6:17.3:54.0, respectively, in addition to di-, tri-, and tetra-saccharides of galacturonic acid. The non-reducing terminals of the latter were characterized by the presence of 4,5-unsaturated hexuronic acid. The structural features of the two complex fractions were partially characterized.
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PMID:Structural characterization of an arabinoxylan-rhamnogalacturonan complex from cell walls of Zea shoots. 149 30

In Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71, the induction of pectin lyase (Pnl), the bacteriocin carotovoricin (Ctv), and cellular lysis (Lss) requires a RecA function. We obtained mutants wherein a pleiotropic defect, i.e., the lack of induction with mitomycin C, is not restored by the recA+ DNA. From a genomic library of strain 71, a cosmid (pAKC280) that restored induction of Pnl, Ctv, and Lss by mitomycin C was isolated. The activator function, designated Rdg for regulator of damage-inducible genes, was localized by subcloning and insertional mutagenesis to a 2.6-kb region within a 6.7-kb EcoRI fragment. An rdg-lacZ operon fusion was inducible by mitomycin C in RecA+ but not RecA- derivatives of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 and Escherichia coli. A RecA+ E. coli strain carrying only a PnlA+ plasmid was not inducible for Pnl production; however, when both a PnlA+ plasmid and a Rdg+ plasmid were present, the transcription of pnlA and the production of the enzyme were activated by mitomycin C. The size of the pnlA transcript produced in E. coli was identical to that of the transcript produced by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71, suggesting that the same promoter and termination sequences were being utilized in these bacteria.
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PMID:Genetic evidence for an activator required for induction of pectin lyase in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora by DNA-damaging agents. 164 76

From 1984 to 1990, 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy was performed before and after nephrolithotomy (15 cases), pyelolithotomy (15 cases), percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL: 15 cases) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL: 16 cases, 17 kidneys) in order to evaluate of influences of renal stone surgeries on split renal function. DMSA renal uptake change ratio of treated kidneys of nephrolithotomy (-24.94 +/- 5.60%) was significantly lower than that of PNL (-0.06 +/- 3.92%), pyelolithotomy (-4.08 +/- 4.79%) (p less than 0.01) and ESWL (-7.72 +/- 3.87%) (p less than 0.05). The average change ratios of contralateral kidneys were as follows: PNL 4.80 +/- 4.21% nephrolithotomy 4.67 +/- 4.73%, pyelolithotomy -1.46 +/- 5.39% and ESWL -2.02 +/- 4.44%. One to 3 weeks after PNL, the cold area on the renal image was found in 10 (66.7%) of 15 cases. In cases of ESWL, DMSA renal uptake decreased even 4-10 weeks (mean 7 weeks) after treatment. In conclusion, possivility of deterioration of renal function after ESWL was suggested.
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PMID:[Influences of renal stone surgeries on renal function--evaluation of renal function with 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy]. 166 82

In a previous study, pnlA (the DNA damage-inducible structural gene for pectin lyase) of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 was localized to a 1.4-kb DNA segment within a 3.4-kb EcoRI fragment (J. L. McEvoy, H. Murata, and A. K. Chatterjee, J. Bacteriol. 172:3284-3289, 1990). We present here DNA sequence data for a 2.2-kb region revealing an open reading frame of 870 bases, corresponding to a protein (Pnl) of an approximate molecular mass of 32,100 Da and an isoelectric point of 9.92. Although initiation of translation is presumed to occur at the ATG codon, direct protein sequencing revealed alanine as the N-terminal amino acid, probably as a consequence of posttranslational removal of the initiating amino acid. The sequence of the first 20 amino acid residues of Pnl, purified from E. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71, agreed completely with the predicted amino acid sequence of the N-terminal segment. This finding also indicated that Pnl is not subject to processing by a signal peptidase. The transcriptional start site of pnlA was determined to reside 80 bp upstream of the translational start site. Deletion analysis revealed that 218 bp of DNA upstream of the transcriptional start site is sufficient for induction of pnlA by mitomycin C. Within 600 bp upstream of the translational start site, no sequences resembling a LexA binding site (SOS box) or a cyclic AMP receptor protein binding site were found. However, palindromic sequences were detected at -187 and -86 bp relative to the translational start site, and these could be potential sites for the binding of a regulatory protein(s). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence for PnlA with that of a Pnl from Aspergillus niger and with those of various pectate lyases of Erwinia species revealed a low degree of homology dispersed throughout the length of the proteins.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence and molecular characterization of pnlA, the structural gene for damage-inducible pectin lyase of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71. 170 42


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