Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.2.2.10 (PNL)
 341 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purposes of this study are to develop an in vivo cell system that is suitable for the immunofluorescent detection of transiently expressed proteins targeted to plant peroxisomes and to determine whether a C-terminal serine-lysine-leucine (SKL) tripeptide, a consensus-targeting signal for mammalian peroxisomes, also targets proteins to plant peroxisomes. Protoplasts from mesophyll cells and from suspension-cultured cells initially were examined for their potential as an in vivo import system. Several were found suitable, but based on a combination of criteria, suspension-cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow 2) cells (TBY-2) were chosen. The tobacco cell extracts had catalase activity, and two polypeptides of approximately 55 and 57 kD specifically were detected on immunoblots with anti-cottonseed catalase immunoglobulins G as the probe. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with these immunoglobulins G revealed a punctate labeling pattern indicative of endogenous catalase localization within putative TBY-2 peroxisomes. The cells did not have to be completely converted to protoplasts for optimal microscopy; treatment with 0.1% (w/v) pectolyase for 2 h was sufficient. Microprojectile bombardment proved superior for transient transformation of the TBY-2 cells with plasmids encoding beta-glucuronidase, or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), or CAT with an added C-terminal tripeptide (CAT-SKL). C-terminal SKL is a consensus, type 1, peroxisome targeting signal. Double indirect immunofluorescent labeling showed that CAT-SKL co-localized with endogenous catalase. Non-punctate, diffuse localization of CAT without SKL provided direct evidence that the C-terminal SKL tripeptide was necessary and sufficient for targeting of CAT to plant peroxisomes. These data demonstrate the effectiveness of this peroxisome targeting signal for plant cells.
 ...
PMID:Development and application of an in vivo plant peroxisome import system. 777 May 24

Several enzymatic activities were investigated in six isolates of the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana, originating from different areas of Brazil. Among the glycosidases studied, beta-glucosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and chitobiohydrolase were the major activities. In some isolates, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, and alpha-mannosidase activities were also present. Polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes, such as pectin lyase and carboxymethyl cellulase were detected in significant amounts, and their activities were variable among the different isolates. Other enzymes, namely phosphatases, proteinases and phenol oxidase, were also examined, showing variable amounts depending on the isolate. The pH dependence of all enzymes tested was investigated. Endoproteinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, and phenoloxidase had maximum activity in the pH range of 6-8, whilst all other enzymes showed maximum activity at pH 4-6.
 ...
PMID:Extracellular enzymatic activities of Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates. 1221 May 48