Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.1.99.3 (PRE)
 1,923 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cis-acting regions in the 5'-flank of the mouse interleukin 5 (IL-5) gene involved in the specific and inducible regulation of IL-5 transcription in an untransformed mouse T cell clone, D10.G4.1, have been identified. Transient transfection assays with a series of deletion IL-5 promoter reporter constructs indicate that multiple regulatory elements in the 5'-flanking region of the IL-5 promoter play a role in regulating IL-5 transcription in Th2 cells. Negatively acting elements, NRE I and NRE II, map to the regions between positions -431 and -392 and positions -300 and -261. A positive regulatory element has been mapped to the region between positions -224 and -81. The activity of these elements is dependent on activation of the cells. A 40-bp sequence within this region, termed the IL-5 PRE, has been shown to bind at least two specific nuclear protein complexes from unstimulated and stimulated D10.G4.1 cells. An additional protein complex specific for this site has been identified in nuclear fractions from cells stimulated in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. Proteins that bind to these elements are likely to be important inducible and specific factors essential for control of IL-5 transcription in response to T cell receptor-mediated signaling events.
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PMID:Transcription of the murine interleukin 5 gene is regulated by multiple promoter elements. 765 35

Prebiotics may increase Zn absorption, a mineral known to play a central role in the immune system. Zn-deficient states are characterised by suppressed immune function, while prebiotics may improve both gut and cell-mediated immunity. Our objective was to determine if inulin alters the number and proportion of immune cells in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer's patches (PP), ex vivo cytokine secretion, intestinal permeability and Zn status in healthy as well as Zn-deficient rats. Weanling female rats were fed diets supplemented with 5 % cellulose (CEL) or 5 % inulin (PRE) for 4 weeks. The rats received the CEL or PRE diet ad libitum (ZN) or in restricted amounts (DR), or deficient in Zn (ZD) for another 4 weeks. The PRE-fed rats had a higher number and proportion of dendritic cells in PP, and greater ex vivo secretion of IL-2, IL-10 and interferon-gamma from spleen and MLN cells compared with CEL-fed rats. PRE reduced the number and proportion of T cell receptor (TCR)-alphabeta+CD8+ cells in spleen and CD45RA+ cells in MLN compared with CEL. ZD rats had lower serum IgG2a and T cell numbers in MLN compared with ZN and DR rats. TCRgammadelta+ cell numbers in PP were higher in ZD-PRE rats compared with ZD-CEL rats. Femur Zn concentrations of DR-PRE rats were higher than those of DR-CEL rats. Intestinal permeability was unchanged. The higher proportion and number of dendritic cells in the PP of inulin-fed rats indicates a need for further research on how prebiotics and their metabolites affect immune function possibly through intestinal dendritic cells.
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PMID:Long-chain inulin increases dendritic cells in the Peyer's patches and increases ex vivo cytokine secretion in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of growing female rats, independent of zinc status. 1902 18