Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.99.3 (PRE)
 1,923 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mode of interaction between human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and its receptor has been investigated by immunochemical studies and a synthetic peptide approach. Two types of monoclonal and five different monospecific polyclonal antibodies against hEGF have been prepared, whose epitopes are regions 1-13, 13-32, 33-53, 33-43, 22-32, and discontinuous sequences of hEGF. Antibody against 22-32 (Type I) and antibody against 33-53 (PRE 4) inhibited the binding of 125I-hEGF to membrane receptor on A 431 cells more markedly than the other antibodies. When hEGF was bound to the receptor, only antibody against 13-32 (PRE 2) could bind to hEGF-receptor complex whereas antibody against 22-32 (Type I) could not. These data suggest that region 13-20 is exposed outside during receptor-binding and both region 22-32 and region 33-53 contact the hEGF receptor. The activity of synthetic peptides corresponding to the amino acid residues 1-13, 13-32, 33-53, 13-20, 22-32, and 33-43 of hEGF was also examined. Out of the six peptides, only 13-32 stimulated DNA synthesis of BALB 3T3 cells. The activity was approximately 1/10(6) of that of intact hEGF. All of these data suggest that region 22-32 is responsible for binding to the receptor for signal transduction and region 33-53 binds to the receptor to stabilize the ligand-receptor interaction. This dual binding model fits in well with the three-dimensional hEGF structure deduced from NMR spectra.
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PMID:Topographic analysis of human epidermal growth factor by monospecific antibodies and synthetic peptides. 247 32

Here we present the genomic sequence, with analysis, of a pathogenic fowlpox virus (FPV). The 288-kbp FPV genome consists of a central coding region bounded by identical 9.5-kbp inverted terminal repeats and contains 260 open reading frames, of which 101 exhibit similarity to genes of known function. Comparison of the FPV genome with those of other chordopoxviruses (ChPVs) revealed 65 conserved gene homologues, encoding proteins involved in transcription and mRNA biogenesis, nucleotide metabolism, DNA replication and repair, protein processing, and virion structure. Comparison of the FPV genome with those of other ChPVs revealed extensive genome colinearity which is interrupted in FPV by a translocation and a major inversion, the presence of multiple and in some cases large gene families, and novel cellular homologues. Large numbers of cellular homologues together with 10 multigene families largely account for the marked size difference between the FPV genome (260 to 309 kbp) and other known ChPV genomes (178 to 191 kbp). Predicted proteins with putative functions involving immune evasion included eight natural killer cell receptors, four CC chemokines, three G-protein-coupled receptors, two beta nerve growth factors, transforming growth factor beta, interleukin-18-binding protein, semaphorin, and five serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins). Other potential FPV host range proteins included homologues of those involved in apoptosis (e.g., Bcl-2 protein), cell growth (e.g., epidermal growth factor domain protein), tissue tropism (e.g., ankyrin repeat-containing gene family, N1R/p28 gene family, and a T10 homologue), and avian host range (e.g., a protein present in both fowl adenovirus and Marek's disease virus). The presence of homologues of genes encoding proteins involved in steroid biogenesis (e.g., hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), antioxidant functions (e.g., glutathione peroxidase), vesicle trafficking (e.g., two alpha-type soluble NSF attachment proteins), and other, unknown conserved cellular processes (e.g., Hal3 domain protein and GSN1/SUR4) suggests that significant modification of host cell function occurs upon viral infection. The presence of a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase homologue in FPV suggests the presence of a photoreactivation DNA repair pathway. This diverse complement of genes with likely host range functions in FPV suggests significant viral adaptation to the avian host.
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PMID:The genome of fowlpox virus. 1072 56