Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.99.3 (PRE)
 1,923 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Covalent modification of histones is important in regulating chromatin dynamics and transcription. One example of such modification is ubiquitination, which mainly occurs on histones H2A and H2B. Although recent studies have uncovered the enzymes involved in histone H2B ubiquitination and a 'cross-talk' between H2B ubiquitination and histone methylation, the responsible enzymes and the functions of H2A ubiquitination are unknown. Here we report the purification and functional characterization of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that is specific for histone H2A. The complex, termed hPRC1L (human Polycomb repressive complex 1-like), is composed of several Polycomb-group proteins including Ring1, Ring2, Bmi1 and HPH2. hPRC1L monoubiquitinates nucleosomal histone H2A at lysine 119. Reducing the expression of Ring2 results in a dramatic decrease in the level of ubiquitinated H2A in HeLa cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated colocalization of dRing with ubiquitinated H2A at the PRE and promoter regions of the Drosophila Ubx gene in wing imaginal discs. Removal of dRing in SL2 tissue culture cells by RNA interference resulted in loss of H2A ubiquitination concomitant with derepression of Ubx. Thus, our studies identify the H2A ubiquitin ligase, and link H2A ubiquitination to Polycomb silencing.
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PMID:Role of histone H2A ubiquitination in Polycomb silencing. 1538 22

Phosphorylation of a yeast histone H2A at C-terminal serine 129 has a central role in double-strand break repair. Mimicking H2A phosphorylation by replacement of serine 129 with glutamic acid (hta1-S129E) suggested that phosphorylation destabilizes chromatin structures and thereby facilitates the access of repair proteins. Here we have tested chromatin structures in hta1-S129 mutants and in a C-terminal tail deletion strain. We show that hta1-S129E affects neither nucleosome positioning in minichromosomes and genomic loci nor supercoiling of minichromosomes. Moreover, hta1-S129E has no effect on chromatin stability measured by conventional nuclease digestion, nor does it affect DNA accessibility and repair of UV-induced DNA lesions by nucleotide excision repair and photolyase in vivo. Similarly, deletion of the C-terminal tail has no effect on nucleosome positioning and stability. These data argue against a general role for the C-terminal tail in chromatin organization and suggest that phosphorylated H2A, gamma-H2AX in higher eukaryotes, acts by recruitment of repair components rather than by destabilizing chromatin structures.
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PMID:Contribution of the serine 129 of histone H2A to chromatin structure. 1735 65