Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.99.3 (PRE)
 1,923 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirteen patients undergoing cardiac surgery were studied to examine whether beta-adrenergic desensitization occurs in the perioperative period surrounding cardiac surgery, using peripheral blood lymphocytes as a model. Lymphocytes were isolated before induction of anesthesia (PRE) and on the morning of the first postoperative day (POST). Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production from the lymphocytes was assayed in the untreated (BASAL) state, and after treatment with 5 microM isoproterenol, 10 microM prostaglandin E1, or 20 mM sodium fluoride with 10 microM AlCl3 (NaF). All cAMP values are reported as picomoles per 10(6) cells, mean +/- SEM. BASAL cAMP production did not change significantly between the PRE and POST samples (PRE, 1.2 +/- 0.1; POST, 1.0 +/- 0.1). Isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP was significantly lower postoperatively (PRE, 8.36 +/- 0.9; POST, 5.1 +/- 0.5; P less than 0.005). Prostaglandin E1-stimulated cAMP did not change (PRE, 21.7 +/- 2.4; POST, 25.3 +/- 2.5), and NaF-stimulated cAMP was increased postoperatively (PRE, 8.8 +/- 1.6; POST, 14.3 +/- 2.0; P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that cardiac surgery and/or cardiopulmonary bypass results in significant desensitization of the beta-adrenergic receptor/adenylate cyclase system of lymphocytes, which may parallel changes in the adrenergic response of other organ systems.
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PMID:Cardiac surgery causes desensitization of the beta-adrenergic receptor system of human lymphocytes. 130 62

1. The role of testosterone (T) in growth was evaluated in 11 prepubertal hypopituitary males during two 15-day periods separated by a 4-week interval, i.e., before (PRE-T period) and during T ester treatment (50 mg every 5 days, 3 im doses-T period). 2. T increased growth hormone (GH) secretion, assessed by 4-h rhythm (mean +/- SEM = 1.90 +/- 0.27 vs 1.77 +/- 0.21 ng/ml; P < 0.05) and after a GHRH stimulus (3.42 +/- 0.54 vs 3.08 +/- 0.43 ng/ml; P < 0.05) as compared to the PRE-T period. 3. T also increased basal somatomedin-C (SM-C) levels (0.20 +/- 0.03 vs 0.15 +/- 0.02 U/ml; P < 0.001) and SM-C generation. After GH was administered in 4 im doses (0.01, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 U/kg), SM-C levels were 0.31 +/- 0.08 vs 0.24 +/- 0.07 U/ml, P < 0.001. T did not change incremental (absolute minus basal) SM-C levels (0.15 +/- 0.08 vs 0.12 +/- 0.07 U/ml; P > 0.05). 4. The results suggest that T increased plasma SM-C levels by stimulating residual GH secretion in hypopituitary males.
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PMID:Effects of testosterone on growth hormone secretion and somatomedin-C generation in prepubertal growth hormone deficient male patients. 134 92

The clinical significance of an isolated "lymphocytic bronchiolitis/bronchitis" (grade B) as detected in transbronchoscopic biopsy specimens (TBB) is unclear. We therefore have reviewed the spirometric responses associated with isolated grade B diagnoses and contrasted them with episodes of "acute cellular rejection" (grade A); the latter are manifested by "perivascular lymphocytic infiltration." Because lymphocytic bronchiolitis/ bronchitis is considered a nonspecific histologic pattern that may be observed with either allograft rejection or respiratory infections, episodes were analyzed with respect to the presence (grade B [+] CMV) or absence (grade B [-] CMV) of cytomegalovirus infection. The maximum forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) during the preceding 3 months was used as a baseline for computing percent change in FEV1 coincident with transbronchoscopic biopsies (delta %FEV1 PRE) and maximum values obtained during the 3 months subsequent to specific therapies (delta %FEV1 POST). All episodes of acute cellular rejection (grades A1 to 4) and symptomatic lymphocytic bronchiolitis/bronchitis (grade B) were treated with "pulsed-dose" methylprednisolone, whereas intravenous ganciclovir was administered to patients at risk for recrudescence of cytomegalovirus. Between March 1, 1989, and September 1, 1995, 366 TBB procedures were performed for clinical indications in 57 lung transplant recipients. Histologic diagnoses with acceptable serial spirometric values included grade A1 (n = 9), grade A2 (n = 27), grade A3 (n = 2), grade B(-)CMV (n = 25) and grade B(+)CMV (n = 9). The delta %FEV1 PRE coincident with TBB were not statistically different for the different histologic groups. For grade A1, delta %FEV1 PRE was -14.6% +/- 5.2% (X +/- SEM); A2, -7.6% +/- 1.8%; B(-)CMV, -14.8% +/- 3.9%; and B(+)CMV, -14.8% +/- 2.3%. After treatment, the delta %FEV1 POST, relative to baseline values, were for grade A1, -8.8% +/- 7.1%, A2, +0.26% +/- 2.6%; B(-)CMV, -12.0% +/- 3.8%; and B(+)CMV, -6.2% +/- 2.8%. The delta %FEV1 POST values after pulsed methylprednisolone were significantly greater for histologic grade A2 than grade B(-)CMV (unpaired Student's t test, P < 0.01; 95% confidence interval for the difference of means: 3.34% to 21.2%). Grade A2 rejection was associated with spirometric improvement to within 10% of baseline values in 52% of episodes; whereas with grade B(-)CMV, this salutary response was observed in only 32% of episodes. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome stage 1b developed in 13 of 20 (65%) recipients, approximately 7.9 +/- 3.4 months after detection of histologic grade B and 21.2 +/- 9.5 months after transplantation. We conclude that the relative "refractoriness" of histologic grade B most likely reflects a continuum of bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation and, hence, may warrant different immunosuppressive strategies. Furthermore, spirometric decrement associated with acute cellular rejection (grade A) may be ameliorated, but often not completely reversed, after pulsed methylprednisolone. We speculate that surveillance TBB may prove rewarding by enabling an earlier detection of these histologic diagnoses before the development of physiologic impairment.
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PMID:"Refractoriness" of airflow obstruction associated with isolated lymphocytic bronchiolitis/bronchitis in pulmonary allografts. 928 75

It is yet unknown how upper body exercise combined with high ambient temperatures affects plasma testosterone and cortisol concentrations and furthermore, how these hormones respond to exercise in people suffering spinal cord injuries. The purpose of this study was to characterize plasma testosterone and cortisol responses to upper body exercise in wheelchair athletes (WA) compared to able-bodied individuals (AB) at two ambient temperatures. Four WA [mean age 36 (SEM 13) years, mean body mass 66.9 (SEM 11.8) kg, injury level T7-T11], matched with five AB [mean age 33.4 (SEM 8.9) years, mean body mass 72.5 (SEM 13.1) kg] exercised (cross-over design) for 20 min on a wheelchair ergometer (0.03 kg resistance.kg-1 body mass) at 25 degrees C and 32 degrees C. Blood samples were obtained before (PRE), at min 10 (MID), and min 20 (END) of exercise. No differences were found between results obtained at 25 degrees C and 32 degrees C for any physiological variable studied and therefore these data were combined. Pre-exercise testosterone concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in WA [18.3 (SEM 0.9) nmol.l-1] compared to AB [21.9 (SEM 3.6) nmol.l-1], and increased PRE to END only in WA. Cortisol concentrations were similar between groups before and during exercise, despite higher rectal temperatures in WA compared to AB, at MID [37.21 (SEM 0.14) and 37.02 (SEM 0.08) degrees C, respectively] and END [37.36 (SEM 0.16) and 37.19 (SEM 0.10) degrees C, respectively]. Plasma norepinephrine responses were similar between groups. In conclusion, there were no differences in plasma cortisol concentrations, which may have been due to the low relative exercise intensities employed. The greater exercise response in WA for plasma testosterone should be confirmed on a larger population. It could have been the result of the lower plasma testosterone concentrations at rest in our group.
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PMID:Cortisol and testosterone concentrations in wheelchair athletes during submaximal wheelchair ergometry. 1139 52

This study aimed to investigate the effect of acute mental stress on erythrocyte deformability (ED) in women during different phases of the menstrual cycle and to compare the results with men. For this purpose, healthy males (n=10) and females (n=10) (during follicular and luteal phases) underwent Stroop color-word interference and cold pressor tests. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and leukocyte counts before and after this stress test revealed no difference in either group; erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly lower in the post-test samples in all. In all groups erythrocyte filtration time was significantly higher and thus ED was significantly lower after the stress test (mean+/-SEM, PRE-TEST: follicular: 3.08+/-0.05; luteal: 2.07+/-0.05; men: 2.9+/-0.05) (POST-TEST: follicular: 4.5+/-0.07; luteal: 4.1+/-0.07; men: 4.39+/-0.1). ED was appreciably influenced by gender and menstrual cycle. Women at the luteal phase had better ED compared to both women at the follicular phase and men, the effect being especially pronounced in the pre-test samples. Our results suggest that stress may induce cardiovascular diseases by lowering ED in both genders. The effect of stress on ED varies with gender and during different phases of the menstrual cycle, which may be explained by variations in the sex hormones.
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PMID:Effect of stress on erythrocyte deformability, influence of gender and menstrual cycle. 1794 82

In order to characterize the mechanical effects of thoracic percussion per se in lung parenchyma, we analyzed respiratory impedance parameters by impulse oscillometry (12 healthy subjects) and lung mechanics by the least square method (6 healthy subjects) before (PRE-TP) and after (POS-TP) thoracic percussion, and after a deep-breath-maneuver (POS-DB). Pulmonary resistance was similar among PRE-TP, POS-TP and POS-DB while pulmonary dynamic compliance showed a significant reduction after TP (mean +/- SEM: from 0.15 +/- 0.018 L/cmH(2)O to 0.12 +/- 0.016 L/cmH(2)O; P = 0.001), returning to basal values (mean +/- SEM: 0.15 +/- 0.021; P = 0.004) after DB. Reactance parameters (AX and f (0)) evaluated by oscillometry increased significantly after TP, returning to previous values after DB. Total impedance (Z5) and respiratory system resistance at 5 Hz (R5) did not differ significantly among experimental conditions. Our data strongly suggest that thoracic percussion can promote changes in respiratory mechanics compatible with lung collapse and/or pneumoconstriction, which are, however, reversible by deep inspirations.
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PMID:Thoracic percussion yields reversible mechanical changes in healthy subjects. 1858 97