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Query: EC:4.1.2.42 (DTA)
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Germanium nanowires, ranging from 10 to 150 nm in diameter, were grown several micrometers in length in cyclohexane heated and pressurized above its critical point. Alkanethiol-protected gold nanocrystals, either 2.5 or 6.5 nm in diameter, were used to seed wire formation. Growth proceeded through a solution-liquid-solid mechanism at growth temperatures ranging from 300 to 450 degrees C. At temperatures exceeding 500 degrees C, large Ge particulates formed due to unfavorable growth kinetics. Temperature, the nature of the precursor, precursor concentration, and the Au:Ge ratio were determining factors in nanowire morphology. The Ge nanowires were characterized using a range of techniques, including XPS, XRD, high-resolution TEM and SEM, nanometer-scale EDS mapping, and DTA.
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PMID:Nucleation and growth of germanium nanowires seeded by organic monolayer-coated gold nanocrystals. 1184 11

(Solid + liquid) phase equilibria (SLE) for the binary systems, ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate [BMIM][SCN] with an alcohol (1-octanol, 1-nonanol, 1-decanol, 1-undecanol, or 1-dodecanol) or water, and (liquid + liquid) phase equilibria (LLE) for the binary systems of [BMIM][SCN] with an alkane (n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, or n-decane), benzene, an alkylbenzenes (toluene or ethylbenzene), tetrahydrofuran (THF), cycloalkanes (cyclohexane or cycloheptane), or ethers (di-n-propyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, di-n-pentyl ether, n-butylmethyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether (MTBE), or tert-butylethyl ether (ETBE)) have been determined at ambient pressure. A dynamic method was used over a broad range of mole fractions and temperatures from 250 to 430 K. In the case of systems IL + alkane, cycloalkane, or ether, the mutual immiscibility with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) was detected, and in the systems of IL + benzene, alkylbenzene, or THF, the mutual immiscibility with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was observed. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to determine the very small compositions of the IL in the n-hexane (about 2 x 10(-5) IL mole fraction), benzene (about 2 x 10(-3) IL mole fraction), cyclohexane (about 2 x 10(-5) IL mole fraction), and THF (about 1.2 x 10(-2) IL mole fraction). For the binary systems containing alcohol, it was noticed that with increasing chain length of an alcohol, the solubility decreases. The basic thermal properties of the pure IL, that is, the glass-transition temperature as well as the heat capacity at the glass-transition temperature, have been measured using a differential scanning microcalorimetry technique (DSC). Decomposition of the IL was detected by the simultaneous TG/DTA experiments. Well-known UNIQUAC, Wilson, and NRTL equations have been used to correlate the experimental SLE data sets for alcohols and water. For the systems containing immiscibility gaps {IL + alkane, benzene, alkylbenzene, cycloalkane, tetrahydrofuran, or ether}, the parameters of the LLE correlation have been derived using the NRTL equation.
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PMID:Phase equilibria study of the binary systems (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ionic liquid + organic solvent or water). 1940 27

Raw kaolinite was modified with triethanolamine (TEA), in an attempt to create a new support for the immobilization of metalloporphyrins. Anionic metalloporphyrins containing Fe(3+) or Mn(3+) as metallic centers were immobilized on the prepared support, and the obtained solids were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermal analysis (thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses--TGA/DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The solids were used in heterogeneous oxidation catalysis of cyclooctene and cyclohexane. The yields from the oxidation of cyclooctene depended on the amount of TEA and/or water present in the solids. Good reaction yields were obtained for the oxidation of cyclohexane, with selectivity for the alcohol. In one specific case, a possible co-catalytic activity was verified for TEA during the oxidation of cyclohexane.
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PMID:Catalysts for heterogeneous oxidation reaction based on metalloporphyrins immobilized on kaolinite modified with triethanolamine. 2240 83

Liquid-liquid phase equilibria (LLE) of binary mixtures containing a room-temperature ionic liquid N-hexylisoquinolinium thiocyanate, [HiQuin][SCN] with an aliphatic hydrocarbon (n-hexane, n-heptane), aromatic hydrocarbon (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene), cyclohexane, thiophene, water, and 1-alcohol (1-ethanol, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol) have been determined using a dynamic method from room temperature to the boiling-point of the solvent at ambient pressure. N-hexylisoquinolinium thiocyanate, [HiQuin][SCN] has been synthesized from N-hexyl-isoquinolinium bromide as a substrate. Specific basic characterization of the new compound including NMR spectra, elementary analysis, and water content have been done. The density and viscosity of pure ionic liquid were determined over a wide temperature range from 298.15 to 348.15 K. The mutual immiscibility with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) for the binary systems {IL + aliphatic hydrocarbon, cyclohexane, or water} was detected. In the systems of {IL + aromatic hydrocarbon or thiophene} an immiscibility gap with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was observed. Complete miscibility in the liquid phase, over a whole range of ionic liquid mole fraction, was observed for the binary mixtures containing IL and an 1-alcohol. For the tested binary systems with immiscibility gap {IL + aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, cyclohexane, thiophene, or water}, the parameters of the LLE correlation have been derived using the NRTL equation. The basic thermal properties of the pure IL, that is, the glass-transition temperature as well as the heat capacity at the glass-transition temperature, have been measured using a differential scanning microcalorimetry technique (DSC). Decomposition of the IL was detected by simultaneous thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) experiments.
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PMID:Phase equilibria study of the binary systems (N-hexylisoquinolinium thiocyanate ionic liquid + organic solvent or water). 2242 76