Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.2.13 (aldolase)
 3,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The appearance of differentiated hepatocytes in the adult rat pancreas as well as pancreatic-type tissue in the adult rat liver can be experimentally induced (Reddy et al.: J. Cell Biol., 98:2082-2090, 1984; Rao et al., J. Histochem. Cytochem., 34:197-201, 1986). These observations suggest a lineage relationship between cell compartments present in rat liver and pancreas. The present data demonstrate that epithelial cell lines with almost identical phenotypes can be established from adult rat liver and pancreas. The established cell lines showed similar morphologies as established by light- and electron-microscopic studies. The cell lines showed a unique expression pattern of intermediate filament proteins. Vimentin, actin, and beta-tubulin were present in all cell lines. In addition, simple epithelial type II cytokeratins 7 and 8 were found to be coexpressed with the type I cytokeratin 14 in several of the cell lines. Neither the type I cytokeratins 18 and 19, which are the normal partners for cytokeratins 8 and 7 in filament formation, nor the type II cytokeratin 5 could be detected despite the fact that filaments were formed by both cytokeratins 8 and 14. This suggests that cytokeratin 14 acts as an indiscriminate type I cytokeratin in filament formation in the established cell lines. The cell lines expressed the same sets of LDH and aldolase isoenzymes and identical sets of glutathione transferase subunits. In addition, the epithelial cell lines from liver and pancreas were equally sensitive to the growth-inhibitory effects of TGF-beta 1. No expression of tissue- or cell-specific proteins such as alpha-fetoprotein, albumin, amylase, elastase, or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were detected. The almost identical phenotypes of the hepatic and pancreatic cell lines suggest that they may be derived from a common primitive epithelial cell type present in both rat liver and pancreas. In contrast to parenchymal cells, these cells have an extended capacity for proliferation in vitro and may represent a progeny from a "precursor" or "stem" cell compartment in vivo.
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PMID:Evidence for a common cell of origin for primitive epithelial cells isolated from rat liver and pancreas. 171 Feb 29

Subunit specific radioimmunoassay for aldolase isozymes were developed for the quantification of human aldolase A and B. Aldolase B immunoreactivities were predominantly high in adult normal liver, while aldolase A was distinctly low. Aldolase A was high, while aldolase B was low in neonatal liver compared with the adult liver. Aldolase A immunoreactivities were almost the same as those of aldolase B in fetal liver (28 weeks). Aldolase A was predominantly found in human hepatoma tissues, whereas aldolase B was distinctly low in the same hepatoma tissues. With regard to human hepatoma cell lines, aldolase A was also predominantly found in HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 cell lines, whereas aldolase B levels were extremely low. Almost the same results were obtained from mRNA expression of aldolase A and B in human hepatoma cell lines by the method of northern hybridization. Effects of various reagents on differentiation of hepatoma cell lines were investigated. Neither Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) and 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which are known to be the inducers of differentiation of human leukemia cell lines such as HL-60, nor Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), which are known to be growth inhibitors, could cause the differentiation of hepatoma cell lines in the alteration of aldolase isozymes. The same data were shown in mRNA expression of aldolase isozymes. These results suggest that aldolase A immunoreactivities and mRNA expression are both predominantly high in hepatoma cell lines, and the reagents such as DMSO, TPA, TGF-beta 1 and HGF which tried to differentiate the hepatoma cell lines used in this study were not effective in the alteration of aldolase isozymes.
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PMID:[Immunoreactivities and messenger RNA expression of aldolase A and B in human hepatoma cell lines]. 786 61

The aim of the studies was to identify the regulatory mechanisms that act at different levels of the ongoing immune response in BALB/c mice infected with intestinal nematode H. polygyrus. The role of TGF-beta during the course of H. polygyrus infection and an immunosuppressive action of the nematode against eosinophil response in allergic pulmonary inflammation has been studied. An attempt to identify the immunoregulatory proteins of the parasite has been performed as well. The obtained results proved: (1) for the first time the direct role of TGF-beta in the regulation of the immune response during helminth infections. Neutralization of TGF-beta in vivo increased concentration of IL-12, TNF-alpha and IL-10 in serum of infected mice and restored the control number of eosinophils in the intestinal mucosa. The mobilization of the immune response after neutralization of TGF-beta led to persistent decrease of nematode egg production and faster rejection of the worm from mouse intestine; (2) for the first time it was shown that the reduction of eosinophil number was due to the lower production of eotaxin and reduced expression of CCR3 receptor, playing an essential role in the chemotaxis of these leukocytes in Ova-related asthma; (3) significant decrease of T cell proliferation by one of the H. polygyrus protein fraction. With the use of mass spectrometry seven proteins have been identified: two heat shock proteins, disulfide isomerase, calreticulin, calumenin, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. From the bibliographic data it may be supposed that calreticulin could mediate the downregulation of lymphocytes proliferation. The fraction with calreticulin stimulated also production of specific IgE.
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PMID:[Regulation of the immune response in BALb/c mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus]. 1791 15