Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.2.13 (aldolase)
 3,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins was investigated in subcellular fractions from skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle homogenate, transverse tubules, triads, sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes, and cytosol fractions were separated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and blotted onto nitrocellulose. The presence of GTP-binding proteins was explored by incubation of these blots with [alpha-32P] GTP. GTP labeled two polypeptides of Mr = 23,000 and 29,000 in all the fractions examined. Binding of [alpha-32P]GTP was specific and dependent on Mg2+. The 23-kDa polypeptide was labeled to a higher extent with [alpha-32P]GTP than the 29-kDa polypeptide, although both were enriched in transverse tubule fractions. A GTP-binding polypeptide of 40 kDa was also enriched in transverse tubule preparations and identified as Gi alpha by immunostaining with anti-Gi alpha. Using a blot overlay approach and [alpha-32P]GTP-labeled cytosolic components, several polypeptides were identified that interact with the 23- and 29-kDa GTP-binding proteins. Among these components were polypeptides of Mr = 60,000, 47,000, 44,000, 42,000, and 38,000, which were mainly of cytosolic origin but also associated with triads and transverse tubule membranes. The 47-, 44-, 42-, and 38-kDa polypeptides were found to be structurally related to the glycolytic enzymes enolase, 3-phosphoglyceric phosphokinase, aldolase, and glycoeraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, respectively. The purified glycolytic enzymes specifically bound the 23- and 29-kDa GTP-binding proteins under both denaturing and nondenaturing conditions. The association of the GTP-binding proteins with these polypeptides was resistant to detergents such as 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS), Triton X-100, and Tween. A 23-kDa GTP-binding protein purified from chromaffin cells bound to a 157-kDa polypeptide in triads and chromaffin cell membranes. The 157-kDa polypeptide was a minor component in these membranes and not related to the subunits of the dihydropyridine receptor. In view of the proposed function of low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins in processes such as membrane communication and secretion coupling, the association of these proteins with transverse tubules and triads in skeletal muscle is discussed in terms of a role in signal transmission.
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PMID:Identification of low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins and their sites of interaction in subcellular fractions from skeletal muscle. 191 47

The importance of high-throughput analyses of protein abundances and functions is interestingly increasing in genomic/proteomic studies. In such postgenome sequencing era, a protein-detecting chip, in which a large number of molecules specifically capturing target proteins (capturing agents) such as antibodies, recombinant proteins, and small molecules are arrayed onto solid, wet, or semi-wet substrates, enables comprehensive analysis of proteomes by a single experiment. However, whole proteomes are generally complicated for comprehensive analyses so that alternative approaches to subproteome analysis categorized by protein functions and binding properties (focused proteome) would be effective. Approaching the goal of development of designed peptide chip for protein analysis, diversity increases in peptide structures and validation of target proteins are needed. We herein describe design and synthesis of nucleobase amino acid (NBA)-containing peptides, selection of nucleic acid-related proteins derived from S. cerevisiae, and detection of interactions between NBA-containing peptides and T7 phages displaying proteins by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and label-free anomalous reflection of gold (AR) measurements. Twenty-eight phage clones were obtained by the phage-display method and sequenced. Ten of 28 clones were expected to be nucleic acid-related proteins including initiation factor, TYB protein, ribosomal proteins, elongation factor, ATP synthase subunit, GTP-binding protein, and ribonuclease. Other phage clones encoded several classes of enzymes such as reductase, oxidase, aldolase, metalloprotease, and hexokinase. Both ELISA and AR measurements suggested that the methodology of in vitro selection for recognition of the NBA-containing peptide presented in this study was successfully established. Such a combination of NBA and phage display technologies would be potential to efficiently confirm valuable target proteins binding specifically to capturing agents, to be arrayed onto solid surfaces to develop the designed peptide chip.
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PMID:Interactions between peptides containing nucleobase amino acids and T7 phages displaying S. cerevisiae proteins. 1720 24

Adhesion to intestinal mucosa is a crucial property for probiotic bacteria. Adhesion is thought to increase host-bacterial interactions, thus potentially enabling health benefits to the host. Molecular events connected with adhesion and surface proteome changes were investigated for the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM cultured with established or emerging prebiotic carbohydrates as carbon source and in the presence of mucin, the glycoprotein of the epithelial mucus layer. Variation in adhesion to HT29-cells and mucin was associated with carbon source and mucin-induced subproteome abundancy differences. Specifically, while growth on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) only stimulated adhesion to intestinal HT-29 cells, cellobiose and polydextrose in addition increased adhesion to mucin. Adhesion to HT-29 cells increased by about 2-fold for bacteria grown on mucin-supplemented glucose. Comparative 2DE-MS surface proteome analysis showed different proteins in energy metabolism appearing on the surface, suggesting they exert moonlighting functions. Mucin-supplemented bacteria had relative abundance of pyruvate kinase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase increased by about 2-fold while six spots with 3.2-2.1 fold reduced relative abundance comprised elongation factor G, phosphoglycerate kinase, BipAEFTU family GTP-binding protein, ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase, adenylosuccinate synthetase, 30S ribosomal protein S1, and manganese-dependent inorganic pyrophosphatase. Surface proteome of cellobiose- compared to glucose-grown L. acidophilus NCFM had phosphate starvation inducible protein stress-related, thermostable pullulanase, and elongation factor G increasing 4.4-2.4 fold, while GAPDH, elongation factor Ts, and pyruvate kinase were reduced by 2.0-1.5 fold in relative abundance. Addition of recombinant L. acidophilus NCFM elongation factor G and pyruvate kinase to a coated mucin layer significantly suppressed subsequent adhesion of the bacterium.
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PMID:Mucin- and carbohydrate-stimulated adhesion and subproteome changes of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. 2853 78