Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.2.13 (aldolase)
 3,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reciprocal qualitative and quantitative immunological experiments employing an anti-Pediococcus cerevisiae aldolase serum confirmed many of the interspecific relationships demonstrated previously among lactic acid bacteria with antisera prepared against the Streptococcus faecalis fructose diphosphate aldolase. The extent of immunological relatedness observed between the Lactobacillus and Pediococcus aldolases was markedly gses indicating that the pediococci share closer phylogenetic ties with the rod-shaped lacotbacilli than with their spherical counterparts in the streptococci. In addition to confirming the existence of definitive, but distant, relationships between the lactic acid bacteria and certain gram positive nonsporeforming anaerobes, immunological cross-reactivity was also demonstrated between the pediococcal aldolases and those of Aerococcus viridans.
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PMID:Aldolases of the lactic acid bacteria. Demonstration of immunological relationships among eight genera of Gram positive bacteria using an anti-pediococcal aldolase serum. 6 60

The progeny of single teratocarcinoma cells will give rise to several different cell types in vitro, and the latter were shown to be functionally differentiated by biochemical criteria. In all these studies, cloned lines of mouse teratocarcinoma cells were assayed during the course of differentiation for some biochemical products characteristic of the tissues formed. The carcinoembryonic protein, alpha-foetoprotein, was not synthesized by undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, but was synthesized in increasing amounts during their differentiation to endoderm-type cells in suspension culture. alpha-Foetoprotein was shown to be a product of endoderm cells, but not all endoderm cells synthesized this protein. During the course of further differentiation when EC cells or aggregates were grown in tissue-culture dishes, other biochemical products appeared. In cultures containing predominantly nerve-type cells, there was a 30-fold increase in the specific activity of acetylcholinesterase, with concomitant appearance of the aldolase isoenzyme characteristic of mouse brain. In some cultures, a small amount of muscle-type cell formation was marked by the appearance of the MB isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase. Generally, biochemical differentiation was immature.
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PMID:Biochemical markers of the progress of differentiation in cloned teratocarcinoma cell lines. 7 66

The relationship between plasma protein bound iodine (PBI) level and creatine kinase (CK) activity was investigated in 143 males and 528 females suspected of various thyroid disorders; there was significant negative correlation between low PBI level and raised CK activity. CK, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities were determined in plasma from patients with reduced PBI levels; apart from CK, LD was the only enzyme increased in an appreciable number of cases. A further series of specimens was collected from 66 patients with low PBI levels and the CK isoenzymes investigated. In all of these MM was the main form present; a trace of MB was found in 6. These findings do not explain the elevation of CK in hypothyroidism which may be a non-specific effect.
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PMID:An investigation into creatine kinase and other plasma enzymes in thyroid disorders. 7 98

The ablity of competent and noncompetent Streptococcus sanguis (strain Wicky) cells to release enzymes to the environment was studied. Both competent and noncompetent cells leaked the enzymes tested (aldolase, phosphatase and deoxyribonuclease), but the activities liberated from the competent cells were always roughly 2-fold higher than those released from noncompetent cells. This increased enzyme leakage from competent cells occured in all kinds of media and procedures employed. The leakage of enzymes followed a time-dependent kinetics (different for aldolase and phosphatase), was temperature sensitive and had a pH optimum. The increased enzyme release was most likely not due to cell disruption, but seemed to be rather a consequence of alteration in cell barrier permeability. These results strongly support the "unmasking" model proposed for explanation of competence development in bacteria.
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PMID:Competence-related increased enzyme release from Streptococcus sanguis (Wicky) cells. 8 92

Blood serum was used of 49 rams and 20 ewew infected with Brucell ovis. The study on the total protein and the protein fractions of rams revealed that there existed gamma-globulinemia, the percent of the gamma-globulin rise showing a positive correlation with the morphologic changes in the testes. The alfa-globulins were found to rise immediately following the experimental infecting of the sheep for about a month, after which they came back to normal. In experimental infection the activity of the alkaline phosphatase, aldolase, glutamate-oxalacetate-transaminase, and glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase of the blood serum showed transient characteristic changes, having, however, no diagnostic value.
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PMID:[Biochemical study of serum from sheep infected with Brucella ovis]. 8 49

Hepatocytes from adult rats were maintained in primary culture for up to 10-13 days on nylon meshes coated with a thin layer of rat tail collagen gel. Their ultrastructure closely resembled that of the liver parenchymal cell in vivo, but hepatocytes in late culture exhibited a pronounced buildup of microfilaments beneath their apical cell surface. Hepatocytes in early and late cultures secreted albumin, transferrin, and alpha1-acid glycoprotein into the medium; they exhibited a 7- to 10-fold induction of tyrosine aminotransferase activity by dexamethasone; and they expressed an alkaline phosphatase that was similar to that of normal rat liver with respect to its inhibition by the liver enzyme inhibitor L-homoarginine. In addition, the hepatocytes in culture demonstrated phenotypic changes characteristic of fetal liver parenchymal cells. These changes, which paralleled an increase in DNA synthesis, included the expression of and linear increase in the activity of the fetal liver cell enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an increased production of alpha1-fetoprotein, and a change in the substrate specificity of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase to that of the fetal liver isozyme.
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PMID:Fetal phenotypic expression by adult rat hepatocytes on collagen gel/nylon meshes. 8 1

The individual variability of the heat resistance of two enzymes (aldolase and actomyosine) of the m. gastrochemius of the grass frog Rana temporaria has been quantitatively evaluated by means of analysis of variance. 37--41% of the total variability of the character may be due to errors in the methods of investigation, whereas 59--63% of the variability is due to phenotypic differences between individuals of the same population. The extent of error is primarily associated with the initial stages of the experiment, i. e. the isolation of the enzyme preparations. The individual variability of the heat resistance of proteins is lower than that of the cells or the organisms from which they are derived.
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PMID:[Individual variability and an error in the method of determining protein thermostability]. 9 32

Crude hemolysates, partially purified aldolase and aldolase purified to homogeneity from reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes, were incubated with a specific antiserum raised against crystalline rabbit muscle aldolase. We show that the same aldolasic activity corresponds to a greater amount of antigen in older than in younger cells, in crude hemolysates as well as in the above mentioned preparations; that is to say, old-cell aldolase contains cross-reacting material (CRM). Properties of purified enzyme from reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes were compared to those of muscle crystalline aldolase: -- the molecular specific activity of purified aldolase from erythrocytes is lower than with crystalline muscle aldolase, i.e. CRM is maintained throughout the purification steps. -- the specific activity of red cell aldolase towards both substrates (FDP and F1P) is lower than that of crystalline muscle aldolase. However, the ratio of activity towards the two substrates FDP/F1P is decreased in erythrocytes and reticulocytes. -- no other difference was found: Michaelis constant towards FDP, thermodenaturation constant and C terminal extremities are identical as are the molecular weights.
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PMID:Modifications of aldolase during in vivo aging of rabbit red cells. 10 73

The effects of K2PtCl4, cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2, and trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 on the activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, dihydrofolate reductase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, catalase, tyrosinase, and peroxidase have been investigated. All of the enzymes which are thought to have essential sulfhydryl groups (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were significantly inhibited by K2PtCl4. The other four enzymes studied are not known to have essential sulfhydryl groups, and were not significantly affected by the Pt compounds under the conditions employed. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was the only enzyme inhibited by all three Pt compounds tested, with K2PtCl4 being the most effective and cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 the least effective inhibitor. Semilogarithmic plots of residual activity versus inhibition time indicated that the inhibition reactions were not simple first-order processes, except for the inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by K2PtCl4 which appeared to be first-order with respect to enzyme concentration.
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PMID:The effects of platinum complexes on seven enzymes. 11 85

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase inactivation by L- and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Ga 3-P) obeys pseudo first-order kinetics. L-Ga 3-P is much more effective than the D-isomer: the Ki values obtained are 0.032 mM and 0.54 mM respectively. Kinetic analysis suggests that one residue of the active center region is involved in the inactivation mechanism: specifically, a cysteine residue appears to be responsible for the initial inactivation by L-Ga 3-P. Lysine and arginine residues become involved at further steps of the inactivation mechanism. No correlation between loss of thiol groups and decay of catalytic activity was observed for the enzyme treated with D-Ga 3-P. The role of lysine and arginine residues in this reaction is discussed.
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PMID:Comparative aspects of the inactivation of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate aldolase by D- and l-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 12 96


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