Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:4.1.2.13 (aldolase)
3,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After twenty weeks of continuous dosing with Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae substantial, but declining, numbers of worms had persisted in most of the lambs examined, although there were wide inter-individual variations. Mucosal lesions were found in the proximal small intestines of all the infected animals, their severity being directly related to worm burden. Representative brush border enzyme activities analysed in intestinal mucosal extracts from the same lambs showed differing responses. Alkaline phosphatase and glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase were significantly depleted, whereas maltase activity was only marginally reduced, and leucine aminopeptidase activity was normal. Mucosal acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly elevated in the parasitised animals and, interestingly in view of the postulated role of this enzyme in nematode pathogenicity, the level of activity was directly correlated with individual worm burdens. Intestinal trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were unaffected and the level of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme associated with the inflammatory response, was normal. There were also no consistent changes in the mucosal activities of several enzymes including lactic dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, aldolase, and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, whose leakage from damaged or necrotic tissues has been well defined in terms of the concomitant increase in their activity in the circulation. Lambs treated orally with fenbendazole five and/or ten weeks before slaughter either in the presence or absence of continued larval intake, had negligible worm burdens, and showed little evidence of intestinal damage at post mortem. Brush border enzyme levels, with the exception of alkaline phosphatase and, in two cases dipeptidase, were normal in these animals. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was approximately double that in the continuously infected, untreated lambs, but remained markedly lower than in the uninfected controls. The activities of the other enzymes studied, including acetylcholinesterase, were within the control range. In summary, in chronic trichostrongylosis even relatively low nematode burdens were associated with marked pathological and biochemical damage in the intestine with both lesion severity and mucosal acetylcholinesterase activity being directly related to worm numbers. Although morphological integrity was completely restored after anthelmintic treatment, the persistent low activity of brush border alkaline phosphatase coupled with the enzymological findings in untreated, infected animals suggests that recovery of the full functional capability of the intestinal mucosa may take longer.
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PMID:Intestinal enzyme activity in lambs chronically infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis: effect of anthelmintic treatment. 634 11

The regional enzyme activities of glucose metabolism in the rat brain were investigated. Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1), key enzymes for glucose metabolism, showed no changes in activity in all the regions studied of the aging brain as compared with the adult brain. However, the activity of D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30) is low throughout the adult brain and, in contrast with hexokinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase, its activity decreases significantly during aging. Other enzymes that showed significant decreases during aging are aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7), and NAD+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.41). The catabolic enzyme in cholinergic metabolism, acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), selected as an example of a non-energy-metabolising enzyme, also showed significant decreases in all regions of the brain in aging, although its highest activity remained in the striatum. These results are discussed with respect to the energy metabolism in various brain regions and their status with aging.
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PMID:Energy-metabolizing enzymes in brain regions of adult and aging rats. 646 Aug 51

A comparison of several serum tumor markers (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), LDH isozyme, hydroxybutylrate dehydrogenase (HBD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholinesterase (Choline-E), aldolase (ALD), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP)) was made in patients with carcinoma or benign tumor of the ovary and healthy control subjects. The greatest positive rates were obtained with the markers HBD (76.5%) and Choline-E (73.3%) for patients with carcinoma of the ovary, respectively. However, based on false positive results, Choline-E was also greatest (50.0%) for patients with benign tumor of the ovary. The lowest false positive rates were obtained with ALD, but the positive rates for patients with stage I and II diseases were 0.0%. The most suitable single marker for patients with stage I and II diseases was HBD (62.5%), followed by LDH (41.7%). Three of 4 patients with early cancer, who had normal serum LDH levels, showed abnormal LDH isozyme patterns (elevated LDH-4 and -5). A combination of LDH activity and LDH isozyme resulted in an increase in the positive results (41.7% to 70.0%), that is, the cancer patients were positive for one of the two markers. For CEA, AFP and HCG, the positive results were 26.9%, 19.0% and 7.1%, respectively. Positive and false positive rates for ALP were 36.7% and 7.1%, but the positive rates in the early stage were lower (14.3%), compared to those for LDH and HBD. HBD and LDH activities in the ovarian malignant tissues and ascitic fluids were significantly higher than those in the benign tumor tissues and ascitic fluids, resulting in a significant elevation of serum LDH and HBD levels in the patients. Moreover, it was suggested that inhibition test of ALP by the inhibitors might be able to identify the tissue origin of ALP in the cancer patients.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of biochemical tumor markers in serum of patients with cancer of the ovary]. 683 10

The fractions of lipoproteids, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and their isoenzymes as well as the fructoso-1-phosphate aldolase (F-1-PhA) and cholinesterase (ChE) activity were studied in 220 patients with diabetes mellitus, of which 156 had diabetes mellitus combined with ischemic heart disease (IHD). It was shown that the level of atherogenic lipoproteids is augmented in all the forms of diabetes mellitus and its latent stage, their highest content being seen in the disease, aggravated by IHD. An elevated level of pre-beta-lipoproteid atherogenic fraction was more common in diabetics with IHD. An increased F-1PhA and LDH5 activity was observed in all the patients examined, whereas in severe diabetes mellitus a decrease in the ChE activity was seen. The composed table of changes in the enzyme activity and atherogenic lipoproteid levels in diabetes mellitus combined with IHD, significantly differing from those of the diabetics without IHD, can be used for early IHD diagnosing in diabetes mellitus patients.
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PMID:[Diagnostic coefficients of ischemic heart disease in diabetes mellitus]. 688 7

Activities of 14 enzymes were determined in psoas muscle, smooth muscle, diaphragm, heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, salivary glands, zygomatic gland, intestinal mucosa, subcellular fractions, and plasma of the dog. In pups, plasma activity of most enzymes was high, except iditol dehydrogenase (ID), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (ALS). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALS, cholinesterase (CHS), creatine kinase (CK), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and malate dehydrogenase (MD) decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) with increasing age, but in dogs greater than 7 months, all enzymes except CK, HBD, and ALT revealed reasonably constant plasma values. Enzymes ALT, GLD, CHS, and ID are specific for liver, CK and ALS for muscle, HBD to some degree for myocardium, and alpha-amylase for pancreas. The ALP and gamma-glutamyltransferase were located in microsomes, GLD in mitochondria, MD and AST in mitochondria and cytoplasm, and isocitric dehydrogenase, LD, and the other enzymes only in cytoplasm.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in the dog: tissue analyses, plasma values, and intracellular distribution. 703 2

The pathology and enzymology of the intestinal mucosae of lambs dosed daily with 2500 Trichostrongylus vitrinus larvae and killed at five, nine or 14 weeks were compared with worm-free animals. The proximal small intestines of the infected lambs exhibited extensive mucosal damage at five and nine weeks, but only isolated lesions were found at 14 weeks. Activities of the brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase, leucine amino-peptidase, maltase and glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase were all significantly depleted during infection, although the magnitude, time of onset and duration of the individual enzyme responses varied. Mucosal activities of the pancreatic enzymes, trypsin and to a lesser extent chymotrypsin were also markedly decreased particularly during the first nine weeks of infection. Specific acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly increased throughout the study, maximal levels being observed at five weeks. In contrast 'pseudo'-cholinesterase levels were consistently within the control range. During the early stages of infection (five weeks) glutamine-oxaloacetate transaminase activity was significantly decreased, while aldolase and creatine phosphokinase levels were significantly elevated. At nine weeks low glutamine-oxaloacetate transaminase activities were again detected and lactate dehydrogenase activity was also markedly reduced. At 14 weeks the mean activities of all four enzymes were within the normal range as were superoxide dismutase levels throughout. Significant correlations were found between alkaline phosphatase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, aldolase and glutamine-oxaloacetate transaminase activities and the degree of mucosal damage within the individual lambs.
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PMID:Changes in the intestinal enzyme activity of lambs during chronic infection with Trichostrongylus vitrinus. 710 Jun 47

The toxic effects of i.p. administered n-hexane and n-heptane on biochemical processes in rat liver, as indicated by the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and decrease in FDP aldolase activity, and their reflection on blood chemistry, were studied. Serum cholinesterase activity and albumin and cholesterol content showed statistically significant decreases with the increase in FDP aldolase activity. The significance of the findings is discussed.
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PMID:Toxicity of n-hexane and n-heptane: some biochemical changes in liver and serum. 716 75

Studied was the dynamics of the changes taking place in the activity of a number of enzymes in the blood plasma (glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), aldolase (ALD), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), guanase, and cholinesterase (CE). The calculation of the correlation coefficients and the regression lines revealed that GOT, GPT, LDH, ALD, and guanase raised their activity following treatment of the test animals up to a higher extent and at a higher rate. Lower rate changes were those in the activity of AP, leucinaminopeptidase, and CE. No changes whatever were found in the activity of CPK. On the basis of these results the diagnostic value is determined of both the individual enzymes and the enzyme constellation as a whole.
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PMID:[Changes in serum enzyme activity after the tetrachloromethane treatment of guinea pigs]. 716 46

The multicomponent solution, containing 15% of glycerol, 4.5% of proteins, 0.9% of sodium chloride, 0.33% of potassium chloride and water for injections, was proposed. The ferments activity (aminotransferases, cholinesterase, aldolase, alkaline phosphatase), blood coagulating system state (the prothrombin level, plasma tolerance, her recalcification time), the mineral elements contents (potassium, sodium, calcium), the contents of protein and its fractions in blood before and after an acute blood loss compensation with the multicomponent solution, and also its influence on the animals organism in prolonged daily (during 30 days) intravenous injection were studied. The combination of components in the solution permit to store the studying indexes on level close to initial; if the loss of blood compensates in the first hours, high survival of animals is insured. Negative reactions of organism while prolonged intravenous injection of the multicomponent solution are not revealed.
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PMID:[Use of glycerin as a component of the solution in treating acute hemorrhage]. 760 2

With respect to neuromuscular function, aldosterone activity, enzymatic and potassium (K) metabolism of organ tissues were investigated during the stress and adaptation stabilized phases of hypodynamically stressed rats. During adaptation, muscle tissue enzymes, such as aldolase, showed no change until the 35th day. The decrease of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) was evident at 7 days. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) serum levels increased transiently on the 18th day; this implied the development of muscular atrophy. A decrease in the 42K uptake of muscle was found from the 18th day onward. In the brain, a progressive decrease of aldolase was observed. 42K uptake showed no change in the brain, but the K content increased at both 7 and 18 days of exposure. The increase of cholinesterase (ChE) was more remarkable in the brain than in muscle, although transient. We suggest that the brain plays an important part in the adaptation process, through increasing or maintaining the functions of the neuromuscular excitation system during the 7-18 days of hypodynamic exposure.
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PMID:Changes in enzymes and potassium content of the neuromuscular systems of albino rats during prolonged exposure to simulated hypogravics. 1200 7


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