Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.1.2.13 (aldolase)
 3,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A diploid epithelial cell line (termed WB-F344) was isolated from the liver of an adult male Fischer-344 rat and the phenotypic characteristics of the cells were studied. These cells measure approximately two-fifths the volume of freshly isolated hepatocytes. They are histochemically negative for glucose-6-phosphatase and weakly positive for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. They produce extensive intercellular reticulin fibers which stain immunocytochemically for fibronectin, and they synthesize both alpha-fetoprotein and albumin, but they do not accumulate glycogen particles. Ultrastructurally, they are polygonal cells with numerous intercellular desmosomes and nexus junctions, and they are partially surrounded by basement membrane-like material. Cytoplasmic organelles include few, but sometimes dilated profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, abundant free ribosomes, sparse smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes, microbodies, and small, pleomorphic mitochondria. They express A and C isozymes of aldolase, K isozyme of pyruvate kinase, LDH2 to LDH5 isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase, and 'fetal liver'-type alkaline phosphatase isozyme. When compared with the phenotypes of isolated and purified normal hepatocytes, biliary epithelial (ductular) cells and 'oval' cells isolated from livers treated with chemical carcinogens, the phenotypic properties of the liver epithelial cell line in culture most resemble those of the 'oval' cells.
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PMID:A diploid epithelial cell line from normal adult rat liver with phenotypic properties of 'oval' cells. 646 34

A comparison of several serum tumor markers (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), LDH isozyme, hydroxybutylrate dehydrogenase (HBD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholinesterase (Choline-E), aldolase (ALD), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP)) was made in patients with carcinoma or benign tumor of the ovary and healthy control subjects. The greatest positive rates were obtained with the markers HBD (76.5%) and Choline-E (73.3%) for patients with carcinoma of the ovary, respectively. However, based on false positive results, Choline-E was also greatest (50.0%) for patients with benign tumor of the ovary. The lowest false positive rates were obtained with ALD, but the positive rates for patients with stage I and II diseases were 0.0%. The most suitable single marker for patients with stage I and II diseases was HBD (62.5%), followed by LDH (41.7%). Three of 4 patients with early cancer, who had normal serum LDH levels, showed abnormal LDH isozyme patterns (elevated LDH-4 and -5). A combination of LDH activity and LDH isozyme resulted in an increase in the positive results (41.7% to 70.0%), that is, the cancer patients were positive for one of the two markers. For CEA, AFP and HCG, the positive results were 26.9%, 19.0% and 7.1%, respectively. Positive and false positive rates for ALP were 36.7% and 7.1%, but the positive rates in the early stage were lower (14.3%), compared to those for LDH and HBD. HBD and LDH activities in the ovarian malignant tissues and ascitic fluids were significantly higher than those in the benign tumor tissues and ascitic fluids, resulting in a significant elevation of serum LDH and HBD levels in the patients. Moreover, it was suggested that inhibition test of ALP by the inhibitors might be able to identify the tissue origin of ALP in the cancer patients.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of biochemical tumor markers in serum of patients with cancer of the ovary]. 683 10

The activity of serum enzymes, such as, creatine kinase (CK), pyruvate kinase (PK), aldolase (ALD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SbDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glutamate-aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate-alanine aminotransferase (ALT), myokinase (MK), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI), alkaline phosphatase (AlkP), pseudocholinesterase (PsCHE) isocitrate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP), was determined in 256 patients with progressing myodystrophy (PMD) (Duchenne's form in 125, Becker's form in 14, pelvicohumeral form in 36, humeroscapulofacial form in 19, ocular form in 10, other rare forms in 34, and nonidentified forms in 13 patients). In the control group (64 men, 56 women and 50 children), the activity of the enzymes was found to depend on the patients' sex and age. With regard to both parameters, i. e. the degree of the enzyme activity rise and the frequency of the pathological values the most informative were CK, then PK and ALD, and then all the other enzymes. Of all the PMD forms the enzymatic activity appeared to be the highest in patients with the pseudohypertrophic malignant form. By determining the activity of five enzymes (CK, ALD, LDH, AST and ALT) and taking into consideration the patient's age, the onset and the duration of the disease one can distinguish between sick and healthy subjects, as well as between various forms of PMD.
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PMID:[Serum enzyme dynamics in progressive muscular dystrophies]. 703 17

Activities of 14 enzymes were determined in psoas muscle, smooth muscle, diaphragm, heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, salivary glands, zygomatic gland, intestinal mucosa, subcellular fractions, and plasma of the dog. In pups, plasma activity of most enzymes was high, except iditol dehydrogenase (ID), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (ALS). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALS, cholinesterase (CHS), creatine kinase (CK), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and malate dehydrogenase (MD) decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) with increasing age, but in dogs greater than 7 months, all enzymes except CK, HBD, and ALT revealed reasonably constant plasma values. Enzymes ALT, GLD, CHS, and ID are specific for liver, CK and ALS for muscle, HBD to some degree for myocardium, and alpha-amylase for pancreas. The ALP and gamma-glutamyltransferase were located in microsomes, GLD in mitochondria, MD and AST in mitochondria and cytoplasm, and isocitric dehydrogenase, LD, and the other enzymes only in cytoplasm.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in the dog: tissue analyses, plasma values, and intracellular distribution. 703 2

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers provide useful information about the extent of brain damage. These biochemical indices may also be used when postmortem histopathological examination does not confirm antemortem brain insult. Seven biochemical parameters--creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase BB isoenzyme (CK-BB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyltransferase, aldolase, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE)--were analyzed in CSF from 82 cadavers. Case studies were categorized into one of four diagnostic groups. There were 15 cases of head trauma, 23 of hypoxia (hangings, carbon monoxide, and drug poisonings), 23 sudden cardiac death, and 21 miscellaneous cases. The degree of craniocerebral trauma was graded. In CSF there was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of craniocerebral trauma and levels of CK, CK-BB, aldolase, LDH, and LAP. CSF CK-BB [median U/L (range)] for the groupings of head trauma, hypoxia, sudden cardiac death, and miscellaneous were, respectively, 873 (1-12,100), 26 (2-2,780), 16 (1-42), and 18 (0-2,780). Corresponding CSF CK levels were 9,370 (28-67,842), 101 (18-36,840), 180 (10-29,622), and 264 (17-26,556). There were no statistical significant differences among the NSE concentrations in the four diagnostic groups. The testing of biochemical markers could be a reliable indicator of the degree of brain insult in support of morphological studies.
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PMID:Creatine kinase BB and neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of brain insult. 749 60

The proposed laboratory investigation was designed to evaluate the effects of acute exposure to both continuous and intermittent magnetic fields (MFs) (50 Hz-10 microT) on the circadian rhythm of clinical chemistry variables in humans: electrolytes (magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and chloride), enzymes (amylase, lipase, aldolase, gamma glutamyl-transferase [GGT], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], aspartate aminotransferase [ASAT], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]), lipids (cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], apolipoprotein A1 [ApoA1], and ApoB), proteins (total proteins and albumin), nitrogen substances (uric acid, urea, and creatinine), iron, glycemia, and transferrin. Young volunteers (32 subjects; 16 exposed and 16 sham exposed) were selected according to the screening criteria. Each subject participated in two sessions held within a 4-week period. In the first session, one group of volunteers (16 subjects) was exposed to a continuous MF and then, in the second session, to an intermittent MF. The second group (16 subjects) served as a control for both sessions. At each session, blood samples were collected at 3 h intervals from 11:00 to 20:00 and hourly from 22:00 to 08:00. The results indicate that both continuous and intermittent 50-Hz linearly polarized MFs of 10 microT intensity have no effects on the circadian rhythms or on the levels of the variables studied here.
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PMID:Assessment of the effects of nocturnal exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields on the human circadian system. A comprehensive study of biochemical variables. 1058 79


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