Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.2.13 (aldolase)
 3,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The metabolic pathways of glucose were studied by histochemical reactions in some species of gastropods living in different habitats. The glycolytic pathway is histochemically indicated by positive results for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and D-lactate dehydrogenase. The enzymes of the Krebs cycle gave different responses: isocitrate dehydrogenase and L-malate dehydrogenase were positive, whilst succinate dehydrogenase was constantly negative. Malate synthetase activity was also demonstrated. Despite L-glutamate dehydrogenase is undetectable, the presence of transaminase indicates the gluconeogenetic route. Phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phosphate phosphatase appear also positive. The metabolic meaning of our results were discussed.
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PMID:Histochemical research on metabolic pathways of glucose in some species of Mollusca Gastropoda. 311 Nov 50

Lymph-node cells of (AKR X C3H) F1 leukaemic mice showed a considerable increase of glycolytic activity and O2 consumption. The glycolytic enzymes phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, aldolase and lactic acid dehydrogenase showed increased activities in leukaemic conditions. Studies on permeabilized leukaemic and normal lymph-node cells, and assays on partially purified phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase enzymes, revealed that the enhanced glycolysis of the tumour cells was due to the predominance of glycolytic isoenzymes relatively insensitive to the natural metabolic inhibitors. The glycolytic enzyme hexokinase showed decreased activity in leukaemic conditions, owing to a subcellular translocation of its bulk from the cytosol to the mitochondrial fraction. Association of hexokinase with the mitochondria accounted for an ATPase-like stimulatory action on cell respiration which can explain the increased O2 uptake of leukaemic cells.
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PMID:Regulation of glycolysis and oxygen consumption in lymph-node cells of normal and leukaemic mice. 645 31

Investigations were carried out with a total of 276 high-producing and clinically healthy cows that had freshly calved on 11 farms, being divided into groups according to the extent to which ketonuria was present if al all. Whole blood and blood serum were sampled to determine the ketone bodies, blood sugar, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, hemoglobin, inorganic phosphorus, Ca, Mg, total protein, carotene, and activity of the GOT and GPT enzymes as well as the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aldolase, and leucine aminopeptidase. Studied were the body temperature, the pulse rate, and the respiration rate. It was found that on farms with ketosis in cows ketonuria was manifested most often after the ketone bodies in the blood rose to 10-12 mg%. At the same time the blood sugar level was lowered and as a rule it showed reverse correlation with the levels of ketonemia and ketonuria. In such cows there was a lowering trend with the Ca and carotene contents and the erythrocyte count, and the respiration rate was higher. There were no changes in the body temperature, pulse rate, leukocyte count, Ca, Mg, hemoglobin, protein, and the activity of aldolase. The activity of the other enzymes mentioned was higher, and it correlated positively with the rise of ketonemia and ketonuria. With diseased cows the activity of alkaline phosphatase only was shown to be lower, negatively correlating with ketonuria.
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PMID:[Changes in the serum enzymes and clinical and clinico-biochemical indices of cows with subclinical ketosis]. 653 57

The halophilic archaea display a considerable extent of enzyme diversity. The presence or absence of certain enzymatic activities is closely linked with the taxonomic status of the strains investigated. Thus, Halobacterium species such as Hb. salinarium, Hb. halobium, and Hb. cutirubrum differ from most other Halobacteriaceae tested by the possession of an NAD(+)-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase, by the absence of methylglyoxal synthase activity, and the ability of fermentative growth on arginine. Species such as Hb. saccharovorum and Hb. sodomense, which are still classified within the genus Halobacterium, have an enzymatic machinery greatly different from that of the Hb. salinarium-Hb. halobium group, confirming the need for a taxonomic reappraisal of these species. The presence of NAD(+)-dependent D-lactate dehydrogenase is characteristic of representatives of the genus Haloarcula, which possess only low activities of NAD(+)-independent L- and D-lactate dehydrogenases, if at all. Other enzymes which show considerable diversity are fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, of which two classes exist, and ribulose 1,6-bisphosphate carboxylase, which is present in a limited number of species.
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PMID:Enzyme diversity in halophilic archaea. 787 98

The effect of sodium acetate was studied on the change of the growth yield, the production of L- and D-lactic acid, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs; L-lactate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.27, L-LDH] plus D-lactate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.28, D-LDH]), fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase [EC 4.1.2.13, FBP-aldolase], and phosphofructokinase [EC 2.7.1.11, PFK] of Lactobacillus sakei NRIC 1071(T) and Lactobacillus plantarum NRIC 1067(T). The growth yield of L. sakei NRIC 1071(T) was increased 1.6 times in the presence of sodium acetate compared with its absence. The activity of LDHs in L. sakei NRIC 1071(T) and L. plantarum NRIC 1067(T) was retained longer under the addition of sodium acetate in the reaction mixture. As a result, these strains produced much more lactic acid in the presence of sodium acetate compared with its absence. Furthermore, the activity of L-LDH in L. sakei NRIC 1071(T) cultivated in the presence of sodium acetate increased three times or more compared with the activity of the cells cultivated in its absence. Consequently, the type of stereoisomers of lactic acid produced by L. sakei shifted from the DL-type to the L-type because the ratio of L-lactic acid to D-lactic acid produced became larger with the addition of sodium acetate to culture media. This phenomenon was not observed in L. plantarum NRIC 1067(T). Further, the participation of lactate racemase is discussed from the viewpoint of the production of D-lactic acid by L. sakei.
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PMID:The effect of sodium acetate on the growth yield, the production of L- and D-lactic acid, and the activity of some enzymes of the glycolytic pathway of Lactobacillus sakei NRIC 1071(T) and Lactobacillus plantarum NRIC 1067(T). 1246 5