Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.1.2.13 (aldolase)
 3,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pregnant rats were treated with formaldehyde (0.5 mg/kg daily per os) during whole period of pregnancy. The activity of cytochrome-c-oxidase, malate dehydrogenase, nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, H(+)-ATPase, glutamate dehydrogenase, NAD- and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and content of protein in liver celts of offsprings (newborns, 2 weeks age and 2 months age) were studied. It was shown differences in development enzyme systems of control and experimental animals during ontogenesis.
 ...
PMID:[Experimental study of the effect of formaldehyde during embryogenesis on the activity of rat liver enzyme systems in ontogenesis]. 913 53

The presence of 14 enzymes was investigated using purified spores of the microsporidian Nosema grylli from fat body of the crickets Gryllus bimaculatus. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), phosphoglucomutase (EC 5.4.2.2), phosphoglucose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9), fructose 6-phosphate kinase (EC 2.7.1.11), aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), 3-phosophoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) were detected with activities of 15 +/- 1, 7 +/- 1, 1,549 +/- 255, 10 +/- 1, 5 +/- 1, 16 +/- 4, 6 +/- 1 and 16 +/- 2 nmol/min mg protein, respectively. Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) and succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1) were not detectable. These results suggest the catabolism of carbohydrates in microsporidia occurs via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase may reoxidize NADH which is produced by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in glycolysis.
 ...
PMID:Activities of enzymes of carbohydrate and energy metabolism of the spores of the microsporidian, Nosema grylli. 918 13

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a fungal pathogen of humans. To identify antigens from P. brasiliensis we fractionated a crude preparation of proteins from the fungus and detected the IgG reactive proteins by immunoblot assays of yeast cellular extracts with sera of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). We identified and characterized six new antigens by amino acid sequencing and homology search analyses with other proteins deposited in a database. The newly characterized antigens were highly homologous to catalase, fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase (aldolase), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and triosephosphate isomerase from several sources. The characterized antigens presented preferential synthesis in yeast cells, the host fungus phase.
 ...
PMID:Two-dimensional electrophoresis and characterization of antigens from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. 1141 27

We evaluated the effect of sodium molybdate on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and mitochondrial enzymes in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in the activities of glucose metabolising enzymes like hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and in the level of glycogen. An elevation in the activities of aldolase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose 1,6- bisphosphatase, glycogen phosphorylase and in the level of blood glucose were also observed in diabetic rats when compared to control rats. The activities of mitochondrial enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, NADH-dehydrogenase and cytochrome-C-oxidase were also significantly lowered in diabetic rats. Molybdate administration to diabetic rats reversed the above changes in a significant manner. From our observations, we conclude that administration of sodium molybdate regulated the blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Sodium molybdate therapy not only maintained the blood glucose homeostasis but also altered the activities of carbohydrate metabolising enzymes. Molybdate therapy also considerably improved the activities of mitochondrial enzymes, thereby suggesting its role in mitochondrial energy production.
 ...
PMID:Effect of sodium molybdate on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 1183 16

Adriamycin, which is widely used in the treatment of various neoplastic conditions, exerts toxic effects in several organs. Adriamycin nephrotoxicity has been recently documented in a variety of animal species. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of lipoic acid on the nephrotoxic potential of adriamycin. The study was carried out with adult male albino rats of Wistar strain. Test animals were divided into four groups of six rats each as follows: Group I (control) received only normal saline throughout the course of the experiment. Group II (ADR) received intravenous injections of adriamycin through the tail vein (1 mg kg(-1) body wt day(-1)) once a week for a period of 12 weeks. Group III (LA) received lipoic acid (35 mg kg(-1) body wt day(-1)) intraperitoneally once a week for a period of 12 weeks. Group IV (ADR + LA) received a single injection of lipoic acid intraperitoneally 24 h prior to the administration of adriamycin through the tail vein once a week for a period of 12 weeks. Intravenous injections of adriamycin resulted in decreased activities of the glycolytic enzymes; hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase in the rat renal tissue. The gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, showed a decline in their activities on adriamycin administration. The transmembrane enzymes namely the Na+,K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and the brush-border enzyme alkaline phosphatase also showed a decrease in their activities. This decrease in the activities of ATPases and alkaline phosphatase suggests basolateral and brush-border membrane damage. Decreased activities of the TCA cycle enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, suggest a loss in mitochondrial function and integrity. Nephrotoxicity was evident from the increased excretions of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and gamma-glutamyl transferase in the urine of adriamycin administered rats. These biochemical disturbances were effectively counteracted on pre-treatment with lipoic acid, which brought about an increase in the activities of glycolytic enzymes, ATPases and the TCA cycle enzymes. On the other hand, the gluconeogenic enzymes showed a further decrease in their activities on lipoic acid pretreatment. LA pretreatment also restored the activities of the urinary enzymes to normal. These observations shed light on the nephroprotective action of lipoic acid rendered against experimental aminoglycoside toxicity.
 ...
PMID:The influence of lipoic acid on adriamycin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. 1284 26

The metabolic changes in the homografted canine heart were studied in order to define the biochemical alterations accompanying homograft rejection. In several experiments, homograft rejection was accelerated by prior sensitization of the host animal. The homografted heart released pyruvate and lactate as well as malic dehydrogenase and aldolase. Extraction of glucose by the graft usually remained positive. During the accelerated rejection, the release of pyruvate and lactate was more pronounced, and even glucose appeared in increased concentrations in coronary vein blood. In many experiments the respiratory quotient of the transplanted heart as well as its glucose-oxygen extraction ratio were elevated. It seemed likely that the elevated respiratory quotients were the result of conversion of carbohydrates to fat, since the injection of thiamine hydrochloride resulted in further elevation of the respiratory quotient and in an increased myocardial pyruvate extraction. Apparently, thiamine corrected a metabolic block at the level of the cocarboxylase. The metabolic block or blocks present in the transplanted heart are likely to be the result of diminution in intracellular enzymes and coenzymes resulting from increased cellular permeability. The redox potential across the transplanted heart was positive, indicating the absence of anoxia. The results illustrate that glycolysis proceeds in the transplanted heart in the presence of oxygen. Histopathologic and histochemical studies show the earliest lesion to be an accumulation of lymphocytes around vessels at 3 hours. Swelling of vascular endothelium occurs. By 5 hours a polar perivascular cellular infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, and histiocytes exists. Changes following at 19 hours show the appearance of Aschoff- and Anitschkow-like cells. Granulomatous myocarditis which was first perivascular became interstitial with lymphocytic and histiocytic invasion of the myocardium. After 8 days acceleration of swelling of vascular endothelium and granulomatous lesions were observed and necrosis of the myocardium was prominent. Endothelial hyperplasia occurred at 14 days. In the accelerated reaction these changes were intensified and necrosis began as early as 4 hours after grafting. Histochemical changes of DPNH diaphorase, lactic, malic, and succinic dehydrogenase showed only significant diminution of malic dehydrogenase in the cardiac muscle which was concurrent with the increase of this enzyme in the serum.
 ...
PMID:Studies on the transplanted heart. Its metabolism and histology. 1387 18

Within 72 hours after injection of the LDH agent into normal mice, five (LDH, ICDH, MDH, PHI, and GOT) out of the seven plasma enzymes studied were elevated. This elevation persisted for the duration of the experiment. Alkaline phosphatase and aldolase were not elevated. Plasma from mice bearing tumor SS-70429 and infected with the LDH agent showed 7 times more LDH, 8 times more ICDH, and 4 times more MDH activity than the plasma from mice with the same tumor but uninfected. The plasma aldolase activity from the infected tumor-bearing animal was approximately the same as that from the uninfected tumor-bearing animal. Somewhat similar results, but lower in magnitude, were found with mice bearing mammary carcinoma C(3)HBA. The early rise in plasma enzyme activity (LDH, MDH, ICDH) prior to the actual appearance of the tumor was shown to be due not to the tumor, but to the LDH agent. Uninfected tumor-bearing mice showed a late increase in plasma enzyme activity which appeared to be related to tumor growth. The findings reported above suggest that contamination with the LDH agent may have been responsible for much of the increased plasma enzyme activity previously attributed to the tumor.
 ...
PMID:Multiple enzyme changes in the plasma of normal and tumor-bearing mice following infection with the lactic dehydrogenase agent. 1393 41

Semecarpus anacardium Linn. of the family Anacardiaceae has many applications in the Ayurvedic and Siddha systems of medicine. We have evaluated the effect of S. anacardium nut milk extract on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory enzymes in liver and kidney mitochondria of dimethyl benzanthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in Sprague-Dawley rats. Mammary carcinoma-bearing rats showed a significant rise in glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase and aldolase) and a simultaneous fall in gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase). The activities of mitochondrial enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, NADH-dehydrogenase and cytochrome C oxidase were significantly lowered in mammary carcinoma-bearing rats when compared with control rats. S. anacardium nut extract administration to tumour-induced animals significantly lowered the glycolytic enzyme activities (hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase and aldolase) and there was a rise in gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase), which indicated an antitumour and anticancer effect. Comparison of normal control rats and rats administered S. anacardium only as drug control animals showed no significant variations in enzyme activities. S. anacardium nut extract administration to dimethyl benzanthracene-tumour-induced animals significantly increased the activities of mitochondrial enzymes, thereby suggesting its role in mitochondrial energy production.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic effect of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut milk extract on carbohydrate metabolizing and mitochondrial TCA cycle and respiratory chain enzymes in mammary carcinoma rats. 1460 72

Two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis in combination with mass spectrometry is a powerful approach to compare protein expression in brain tissues. Using this proteomic approach, and based on the hypothesis that schizophrenia involves hypoglutamergic brain function, alterations in protein levels in the thalamus of rats treated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist [+]-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo-[a,d]-cycloheptene-5,10-iminehydrogenmaleate (MK-801), as compared to saline-treated animals, were assessed in an unbiased fashion. The rats were divided into two groups; group 1 (short-term treated) and group 2 (long-term treated). In group 1, the levels of seven proteins were increased and four proteins reduced. In group 2, the levels of six proteins were reduced. Several of the altered proteins (heat shock proteins 60 and 72, albumin, dihydropyrimidinase related protein-2, aldolase c, and malate dehydrogenase) have previously been connected to schizophrenia. Alterations of other proteins (dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2, guanine deaminase, alpha-enolase, aconitase, ATP-synthase and alpha-internexin), have not, to the best of our knowledge, earlier been implicated in schizophrenia pathology. Our results show the high potential of using proteomic methods for the validation of animal models of schizophrenia and to identify new proteins involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Comparative proteome analysis of thalamus in MK-801-treated rats. 1499 2

Proteomic techniques were used to identify cardiac proteins from whole heart homogenate and heart mitochondria of Fisher 344/Brown Norway F1 rats, which suffer protein nitration as a consequence of biological aging. Soluble proteins from young (5 mo old) and old (26 mo old) animals were separated by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. One- and two-dimensional Western blots with an anti-nitrotyrosine antibody show an age-related increase in the immunoresponse of a few specific proteins, which were identified by nanoelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (NSI-MS/MS). Complementary proteins were immunoprecipitated with an immobilized anti-nitrotyrosine antibody followed by NSI-MS/MS analysis. A total of 48 proteins were putatively identified. Among the identified proteins were alpha-enolase, alpha-aldolase, desmin, aconitate hydratase, methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, GAPDH, malate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, electron-transfer flavoprotein, manganese-superoxide dismutase, F1-ATPase, and the voltage-dependent anion channel. Some contaminating blood proteins including transferrin and fibrinogen beta-chain precursor showed increased levels of nitration as well. MS/MS analysis located nitration at Y105 of the electron-transfer flavoprotein. Among the identified proteins, there are important enzymes responsible for energy production and metabolism as well as proteins involved in the structural integrity of the cells. Our results are consistent with age-dependent increased oxidative stress and with free radical-dependent damage of proteins. Possibly the oxidative modifications of the identified proteins contribute to the age-dependent degeneration and functional decline of heart proteins.
 ...
PMID:Proteomic identification of 3-nitrotyrosine-containing rat cardiac proteins: effects of biological aging. 1534 82


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>