Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.2.13 (aldolase)
 3,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The contents of collagen, hexosamine, phospholipids, and cholesterol and the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, glutamic oxalo-acetate transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transminase, aldolase, hexokinase, and lactic dehydrogenase were determined in the lungs of rats 150 days after the intratracheal injection of amosite, anthophyllite, and chyrsotile. Anthophyllite did not cause any significant change, while amosite and chrysotile caused significant increases in the contents of collagen and mucopolysaccharides. Lactic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities were increased by all the dusts, while the othe enzymes were not seriously affected. The biochemical significance of the findings in relation to abestosis was discussed.
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PMID:Biochemical changes caused by asbestos dust in the lungs of rats. 123 58

Embryonal nervous tissue from Wistar rats was transplanted into male rats of Wistar and August strains. Activity of eight enzymes belonging to various systems was estimated in brain cortex of rats recipients within 36 days after the transplantation. Lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, acid phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, ATPase and aldolase exhibited the dissimilarly decreased rate of activity in brain cortex of Wistar rats after transplantation as compared with the enzymatic activity in intact animals of this strain, while activity of alkaline phosphatase and esterases hydrolyzing alpha-naphthyl acetate was increased. Activation of almost all the enzymes studied was found within 36 days in Wistar rats after the transplantation. The rate of activity of zonal esterase isoenzymes was higher in brain cortex of August rats after transplantation of embryonal nervous tissue from Wistar strain as compared with that of Wistar to Wistar rats transplantation. The data obtained suggest that tissues of donors affected definitely the enzymatic activity in brain cells of rats-recipients as activity of most enzymes studied was higher in brain cortex of donors as compared with that of recipients.
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PMID:[Specifics of changes in various groups of enzymes in rat cerebral cortex after interstrain transplantation of embryonal nerve tissue]. 141 28

Biochemical method was adopted to examine 10 kinds of histologic enzyme spectrum activities in gastric intestinal metaplasia, carcinoma and normal or superficial gastritis mucosa taken from different sites from 17 fresh surgical specimens of stomach. The enzymes are aldolase (ALD), pyruvate kinase (PYK), phospho hexo-isomerase (PHI), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), r-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GT). Among glycolytic enzymes the content of ALD, PYK in intestinal metaplasia were 24.5 u and 24.6 u respectively, which were higher than those in the normal mucosa (15.7, 18.0) and lower than carcinoma (28.4, 29.6) (P less than 0.01-0.05). The content of CPK in intestinal metaplasia was lower (218.5 u) than that in the normal (463.9 u) and higher than that in carcinoma (110.3 u) (P less than 0.01). Among protease and amino acid enzymes the content of HBD in intestinal metaplasia was lower (108.2 u) than those in the normal (221.3 u) and carcinoma (113.9 u) (P less than 0.05). The content of GPT in intestinal metaplasia was (6.7 u) which was lower than that in the normal (9.4 u) and higher than that in carcinoma (3.7 u) (P less than 0.01). The above results could provide reference indices for judging the potential malignancy of gastric intestinal metaplasia.
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PMID:[Relationship between gastric carcinoma and enzyme spectrum activity in gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia]. 161 87

The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), indophenol oxidase, aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT), alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and aldolase at different stages of rat development was measured. We have also determined changes in the activity of these enzymes resulting from transplantation of embryonic nerve tissue (ENT) into the brain of adult animals. During development from the embryo to the adult animal, LDH and AsAT activities increased, while alkaline phosphatase activity diminished. After ENT transplantation, the most prominent changes were in the alkaline phosphatase activity whereas the activity of LDH, AsAT and acid phosphatase remained unchanged and similar to that in the brain cortex of intact adult animals. Changes in the enzyme activity resulting from ENT transplantation changed in a manner characteristic of the transplant. Local brain damage did not change the activity of the studied enzymes fifty days after surgery.
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PMID:[Changes in the activity of different classes of enzymes in the cerebral cortex of rats in ontogeny and after the transplantation of embryonic nerve tissue]. 223 89

Dietary hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and gamma-isomer of HCH produced significant increase in liver weights of mice. Elevated levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and of alkaline phosphatase in the blood of these animals suggested hepatotoxicity. Hepatic soluble enzymes--aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase--were markedly lowered. Among the hepatic lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and acid cathepsin were increased in the experimental animals. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase was lowered by HCH while aldolase activity was increased. Hydrolytic enzymes in small intestine, viz., disaccharidases, lipase, amylase, dipeptidase and phosphatases, were also affected by dietary HCH and gamma-HCH. The results suggested cellular toxicity in hepatocytes of HCH and gamma-HCH fed animals, and also interference in gastrointestinal absorption.
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PMID:Biochemical toxicity of hexachlorocyclohexane and its gamma-isomer in albino mice. 248 47

A group of 30 female albino rats were exposed to mosquito-coil smoke, 8 hours a day, 6 days per week, for 6 months. Another group which was exposed to air served as control. At the end of the experiment, the enzyme activities, total protein and lecithin contents as well as cellular responses in the lung lavage between the control and smoke-exposed rats were compared. Morphological observations using scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the alveolar macrophages of smoke-exposed rats lost their typical ruffled membranes. They possessed small cytoplasmic processes on their smooth cell surfaces, small particles in phagolysosomes and mitochondria with a very electron-dense matrix. The levels of total protein and lecithin and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase in the lung-lavage fluid of smoke-exposed rats were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than those of the controls. Increases (P less than 0.05) of serum enzymes, including lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and aldolase, indicated damage of liver tissues, but the levels of serum urea and urea nitrogen remained at the control levels implying normal functions of the kidneys of the mosquito-coil smoke-exposed rats. The level of serum tri-iodothyronine also increased significantly (P less than 0.05), but thyroxine remained at the control level.
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PMID:Biochemical and cellular changes in bronchoalveolar lavaged samples from rats after inhalation of mosquito-coil smoke. 256 17

Isoenzyme patterns of adult Malaysian Schistosoma, S. mekongi and S. japonicum strains were analysed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) in polyacrylamide gel. Enzyme patterns obtained from Malaysian Schistosoma homogenates differed from those of S. mekongi and S. japonicum strains. Malaysian Schistosoma was found to differ from S. japonicum by 8 enzymes, namely phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglucoisomerase, malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, hydroxy-butyrate dehydrogenase, hexokinase and alkaline phosphatase, and from S. mekongi by phosphoglucomutase, malate dehydrogenase, aldolase and alkaline phosphatase. These results and the distinct biology of the parasite suggest that Malaysian Schistosoma is a new species in the S. japonicum complex.
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PMID:Isoenzyme analyses of Malaysian Schistosoma, S. mekongi and S. japonicum by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. 294 Jun 88

The anticancer and immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide is extensively used in clinical practice and is known to alter fertility in man. We showed previously that treatment of male rats with low daily doses of cyclophosphamide over a 9-week period caused fetal malformations, a high rate of postimplantation loss and affected epididymal and sperm histology. In the present study, five biochemical measures of epididymal function were used to characterize further the effects of cyclophosphamide on the epididymis. For 1, 3, 6, or 9 weeks, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were gavage-fed daily with saline (control), 5.1 (low dose), or 6.8 (high dose) mg/kg of cyclophosphamide. The specific activities of the two glycolytic enzymes aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, the cytosolic enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase and the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase were determined in cytosolic and mitochondrial subcellular fractions from four segments of the epididymis. Cyclophosphamide caused decreases in protein concentrations in all segments of the epididymis only after 6 weeks of treatment with the high dose. The specific activities of aldolase, LDH and succinate dehydrogenase did not differ from control with respect to dose or duration of treatment. In contrast, there were significant effects of cyclophosphamide on carnitine acetyltransferase and acid phosphatase specific activity. After 1 week of treatment, there was a transient dose-related decrease in the specific activity of carnitine acetyltransferase, which was most striking for the corpus epididymidis (76% of control), but which did not differ from control after 3, 6, and 9 weeks. After 6 weeks of treatment with the high dose of cyclophosphamide, carnitine acetyltransferase specific activity in the initial segment and the corpus epididymidis was elevated to 165 and 140%, respectively, as compared with the 1-week high dose values. The specific activity of acid phosphatase did not differ from control after 1 and 9 weeks of treatment. At 3 and 6 weeks, however, there was a dose-related increase in acid phosphatase specific activity for all regions of the epididymis that was most marked in the cauda after the 6-week treatment (140% of control). Therefore, low dose, daily treatment of male rats with cyclophosphamide not only alters specific enzymes in specific segments of the epididymis, but acts in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It is possible that these changes could be mediated by direct, toxic effects of the drug on the epithelium or be secondary to alterations in the spermatozoa as a result of the treatment.
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PMID:Effects of cyclophosphamide on selected cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes in the epididymis of the rat. 338 43

The cytoplasmic domain of band 3 (cdb3) of the human erythrocyte membrane is a good substrate of endogenous and exogenous protein-tyrosine kinases. Because one site of tyrosine phosphorylation is within the glycolytic enzyme/hemoglobin-binding region at the N terminus of the polypeptide, we have investigated whether tyrosine phosphorylation of cdb3 might influence its interaction with the above peripheral proteins. Using p40, a protein-tyrosine kinase isolated from bovine thymus, we demonstrate that aldolase binding to cdb3 linked to Affi-Gel 15 is significantly inhibited by phosphorylation of the immobilized band 3. Importantly, upon dephosphorylation of the gel with acid phosphatase, aldolase binding returns to prephosphorylated values. Similarly, cdb3 phosphorylation was found to inhibit glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and hemoglobin binding to immobilized cdb3. In the converse experiment, untreated soluble cdb3 was shown to bind to immobilized aldolase, whereas phosphorylated cdb3 (approximately equal to 1.8 mol of Pi/mol of cdb3) did not. Furthermore, phosphorylated cdb3 was unable to inhibit aldolase catalysis, whereas untreated cdb3, as shown previously by others, was a potent inhibitor. Taken together, these results demonstrate that phosphorylation of cdb3 on tyrosine residues inhibits peripheral protein binding at the polypeptide's N terminus. In view of the known effect of glycolytic enzyme binding to band 3 on catalytic activity, tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 may modulate glycolysis in vivo.
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PMID:Tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 inhibits peripheral protein binding. 355 57

Common bile duct ligation (CBDL) in rats was used to induce liver disease and secondary kidney damage. The biochemical changes in the liver, kidney and plasma were studied at 3, 6, 10 and 21 days post CBDL. The observed alterations climaxed at the 6th day following ligation. Renal, activities of aldolase (ALD), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were lowered in CBDL rats. Further, microsomal Na,K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase and mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation were inhibited. In the liver from CBDL rats the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Mg-ATPase and ALP were elevated, while SDH, ALD, malic dehydrogenase (MDH), LDH, malic enzyme (ME) and Na,K-ATPase were lowered. Plasma enzymes, AST, ALP, MDH, LDH, ALD, acid phosphatase (ACP) and ICDH and the metabolites bile acids, bilirubin, creatinine and urea were elevated. Addition of bile acids or bilirubin at concentrations comparable to those found in the plasma of CBDL rats, to the reaction mixture of the various enzymes strongly inhibited most, particularly mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. High concentrations of these substances in the blood may explain the development of renal failure during liver disease and its reversibility when liver function returns to normal.
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PMID:Biochemical changes in liver, kidney and blood associated with common bile duct ligation. 378 11


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