Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.2.13 (aldolase)
 3,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The levels of the glycolytic enzymes, phosphohexose isomerase, aldolase and LDH and its isozymes, were ascertained in the aqueous of human stillbirths and premature neonate dead (19-24 weeks gestation) and compared with those of older neonates (28-41 weeks) of low survival due mainly to respiratory failure. The fetal aqueous displayed a much greater LDH-P level (mean mU/ml +/- SEM: 45,600 +/- 2550; 72 eyes) in contrast to the near-term infant value (2420 +/- 615; 27 eyes) and 8-20 times higher aldolase and phosphohexose isomerase levels. LDH-P of the fetal vitreous was much lower (5820 +/- 860 mU/ml; 25 eyes) and for lens employed as a filtered homogenate in saline (1:20), amounted to 52.2 +/- 4.2 mU/mg lens (24 eyes). The distribution of LDH isozymes in the fetal vitreous and lens homogenate and the near-term neonate aqueous as determined by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, was similar to that of the fetal aqueous, LDH-1 and LDH-5 being least and LDH-3 and LDH-4, the highest. A few small but significant differences were apparent as compared to the fetal aqueous isozymes and included decrements in vitreous LDH-4, lens LDH-3 and neonatal aqueous LDH-3 and increases in vitreous LDH-2 and near-term aqueous LDH-4. The current findings may have application to retinoblastoma for which higher aqueous LDH levels have been reported and employed as a diagnostic adjunct. However, the fetal aqueous LDH values far exceed those encountered in this embryonal-type tumour.
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PMID:Glycolytic enzymes of human fetal and neonatal intraocular fluids. 404 Apr 54

In this study pyruvate kinase, hexokinase and aldolase are investigated in two types of embryonal tumors, neuroblastomas and medulloblastomas; the results are compared with similar studies in gliomas. The activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase are significantly decreased in neuroblastomas. In neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma all five forms of pyruvate kinase (K4, K3M, K2M2, KM3 and M4) are present. In contrast, the gliomas investigated are characterized by the presence of mainly K4 and a little K3M. In neuroblastomas, medulloblastomas and gliomas, hexokinase type I is present; in addition, hexokinase type II is present in two medulloblastomas. Aldolase A is the predominant isozyme in all tumors investigated; this is in contrast with normal nervous tissue. It can be concluded that the isozyme characteristics especially of pyruvate kinase from neuroblastomas and medulloblastomas are comparable with similar findings in retinoblastoma; these findings support the hypothesis that these three tumors have a common embryonic origin.
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PMID:Glycolytic enzymes from human neuroectodermal tumors of childhood. 632 86

GLycolytic enzymes were studied from normal human retinas (both fetal and adult) and from retinoblastomas of eight patients and an established retinoblastoma cell line. No significant differences were found between the enzyme activities in the tissues investigated except for hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, which were significantly decreased in the tumor cells. In fetal retina, five different forms of pyruvate kinase could be detected by electrophoresis (K4, K3M, K2M2, KM3, and M4). In adult retina the K4 isozyme is almost absent, while in retinoblastoma the M4 isozyme is hardly present. In the retinoblastoma cell line, the M4 isozyme is completely absent. Alanine inhibition of pyruvate kinase from the retinoblastoma cell line is more inhibited compared to the pyruvate kinase of fetal retina and retinoblastoma and is even more inhibited compared to adult retina. Electrophoresis of aldolase from adult retina revealed the presence of all potential A-C hybrids (A4, A3C, A2C2, AC3, and C4). Fetal retina, however, is characterized by the predominance of the A type. The same patterns were observed in the retinoblastoma cell line and retinoblastoma. However, in other brain tumors, e.g., gliomas of adults, a five-membered A-C hybrid set is found. Electrophoresis of hexokinase from normal fetal and adult retina revealed the predominance of hexokinase type I; retinoblastoma and retinoblastoma cell line are both characterized by the presence of considerable amounts of hexokinase type II. The isozyme shifts in retinoblastoma result in an enzyme pattern identical to that of fetal retina except for the presence of hexokinase type II.
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PMID:Characterization of some glycolytic enzymes from human retina and retinoblastoma. 710 15