Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:4.1.2.13 (
aldolase
)
3,461
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (EC 3.1.3.1), 5'nucleotidase (5'NT) (EC 3.1.3.5),
aldolase
(
ALD
) (
EC 4.1.2.13
) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) (EC 1.1.1.14) were estimated in infective hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, cirrhosis of liver and amoebic
liver abscess
. It was observed that serum ALP and 5'NT were significantly increased in all cases of chronic active hepatitis and obstructive hepatic disease. However, the elevation observed in the latter was much higher than the former. Serum SDH and
ALD
levels were elevated in all cases of infective hepatitis, studied though increase in the former was much higher than the latter, suggesting its significance in the diagnostic confirmation of this disease. Results presented suggest 5'NT and SDH as more reliable diagnostic test compared to ALP and
ALD
for obstructive jaundice and infective hepatitis respectively.
...
PMID:Studies on some serum enzyme levels in various liver diseases. 2310 38
Over the past 20 years, gastrointestinal infections in developing countries have been a serious health problem and are the second leading cause of morbidity among all age groups. Among pathogenic protozoans that cause diarrheal disease, the parasite
Entamoeba histolytica
produces amebic colitis as well as the most frequent extra-intestinal lesion, an amebic
liver abscess
(ALA). Usually, intestinal amebiasis and ALA are treated with synthetic chemical compounds (iodoquinol, paromomycin, diloxanide furoate, and nitroimidazoles). Metronidazole is the most common treatment for amebiasis. Although the efficacy of nitroimidazoles in killing amebas is known, the potential resistance of
E. histolytica
to this treatment is a concern. In addition, controversial studies have reported that metronidazole could induce mutagenic effects and cerebral toxicity. Therefore, natural and safe alternative drugs against this parasite are needed. Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds. Flavonoids depend on malonyl-CoA and phenylalanine to be synthesized. Several flavonoids have anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties. Since the 1990s, several works have focused on the identification and purification of different flavonoids with amebicidal effects, such as, -(-)epicatechin, kaempferol, and quercetin. In this review, we investigated the effects of flavonoids that have potential amebicidal activity and that can be used as complementary and/or specific therapeutic strategies against
E. histolytica
trophozoites. Interestingly, it was found that these natural compounds can induce morphological changes in the amebas, such as chromatin condensation and cytoskeletal protein re-organization, as well as the upregulation and downregulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
aldolase
, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (enzymes of the glycolytic pathway). Although the specific molecular targets, bioavailability, route of administration, and doses of some of these natural compounds need to be determined, flavonoids represent a very promising and innocuous strategy that should be considered for use against
E. histolytica
in the era of microbial drug resistance.
...
PMID:Flavonoids as a Natural Treatment Against
Entamoeba histolytica
. 2998 3
Hypermucoviscosity phenotypic
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(HV-
Kp
) serotype K1 is the predominant pathogen of a pyogenic
liver abscess
, an emerging infectious disease that often complicates septic metastatic syndrome in diabetic patients with poor sugar control. HV-
Kp
isolates were more resistant to neutrophil phagocytosis than non-HV-
Kp
isolates because of different pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The protein expression of HV-
Kp
after interaction with neutrophils is unclear. We studied KP-M1 (HV phenotype; serotype K
1
), DT-X (an acapsularmutant strain of KP-M1), and
E. coli
(ATCC 25922) with the model of
Kp-
infected neutrophils, using a comparative proteomic approach. One the identified protein, namely fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate
aldolase
(FBA), was found to be distributed in the KP-M1 after infecting neutrophils. Cell fractionation experiments showed that FBA is localized both to the cytoplasm and the outer membrane. Flow cytometry demonstrated that outer membrane-localized FBA was surface-accessible to FBA-specific antibody. The
fba
gene expression was enhanced in high glucose concentrations, which leads to increasing bacterial resistance to neutrophils phagocytosis and killing. The KP-M1 after FBA inhibitors and FBA-specific antibody treatment showed a significant reduction in bacterial resistance to neutrophils phagocytosis and killing, respectively, compared to KP-M1 without treatment. FBA is a highly conserved surface-exposed protein that is required for optimal interaction of HV-
Kp
to neutrophils.
...
PMID:The Surface Protein Fructose-1, 6 Bisphosphate Aldolase of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Serotype K1: Role of Interaction with Neutrophils. 3326 5
