Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:4.1.1.6 (CAD)
 4,420 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The main symptom of arterial dissection is intense acute unilateral headache. The pain is commonly located around the eye, in the temple or the front with a carotid artery dissection [CAD] and in the posterior neck and occiput with a vertebral artery dissection [VAD]. Transient or persistent cerebral ischemic symptoms are similarly frequent but usually occur later in the time course. Horner's syndrome indicating a lesion of perivascular sympathetic fibres represents the third leading symptom and occurs in more than one third of the patients. Compression of local structures such as lower nerve or radicular palsies is rare. This constellation of symptoms in a young patient without vascular risk factors should rise suspicion of a dissection, in particular, if there is a preceding 'trivial' trauma. Characteristic features on Doppler/duplex sonography provide the diagnosis of dissection in almost all CAD and the majority of VAD. MRI demonstrating the mural hematoma allows reliable confirmation of the suspected diagnosis. Angiography is necessary only in selected cases, more often in VAD than in CAD. Brain infarction may be prevented, if premonitory symptoms, which occur in 60 to 80% of the patients, are recognized as such. Therefore, if there is clinical and sonographic suspicion of CAD or VAD, anticoagulation therapy with heparin should should be started before other imaging procedures finally prove the diagnosis. Because immediate anticoagulation may prevent cerebral embolism, this treatment strategy seems appropriate, although its efficacy has not been established by a controlled study. Anticoagulation should be continued until resolution of the dissection.
 ...
PMID:[Cerebral artery dissection]. 871 29

A potent software was developed for virtual planning in orthopedic surgery with complex spatial relationships, that runs on a standard PC with Windows 98/NT/2000. This voxel-based 3D-software creates data from tomographic images (CT, MRI, 3D-Sono, PET) in Dicom-III-format, that are visualized in near real-time as 2D-reconstructions or 3D-images. For three-dimensional analysis interactive tools, geometric rulers and an anatomic coordinate-system are available. Multiplanar osteotomies are carried out with a virtual saw. Selected segments are moved freely to mimic fracture reduction and deformity correction. Three-dimensional movement coordination is supported by problem-oriented movement features and a 3D-mouse. User defined objects in CAD-format like implants or anatomical templates can be inserted and moved. Matching of two volume data sets is possible as well as simultaneous processing of different data sets. All 3D-reconstructions can be calculated as virtual radiographs and viewed stereoscopically with LCD-shutter glasses. Export features in various data formats allow further processing of all volume data in CAD applications and rapid prototyping. An intra-operative navigation system can be integrated via an interface. This universally applicable software allows thorough three-dimensional analysis and processing of volume data sets from tomographic images and can be used in various applications through its flexible modular setup.
 ...
PMID:[Computer-assisted surgical planning. 3-D software for the PC]. 1146 Apr 51

High-resolution MRI scans, in conjunction with CAD software, were used to determine the three-dimensional moment arms and force vector direction cosines for 11 structures passing the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the index finger. The results are presented for five different angles of joint flexion for a single subject. The moment arm data obtained differ from previous studies, where results have been derived from tendon excursion techniques or geometrical models. These dissimilarities have been accounted for by the differences in experimental techniques.
 ...
PMID:Method of determination of three dimensional index finger moment arms and tendon lines of action using high resolution MRI scans. 1147 Jan 17

A CAD system for estimating the 3D (three-dimensional) positions of lesions found in two mammographic views is described. The system is an extension of our previous method [Comput. Vis. Image Understand. 83 (2001) 38] which finds corresponding 2D positions in different mammographic views. The method calculates curved epipolar lines by developing a simulation of breast deformation into stereo camera geometry. Using such curved epipolar lines, not only can we determine point correspondences, but can estimate the 3D location of a lesion. In this paper, we first explain the underlying principles and system organisation. The correctness of the 3D positions calculated by the system is examined using a set of breast lesions, which appear both in mammograms and in MRI data. The experimental results demonstrate the clinical promise of the CAD system.
 ...
PMID:A CAD system for the 3D location of lesions in mammograms. 1227 Feb 31

A main goal of forensic medicine is to document and to translate medical findings to a language and/or visualization that is readable and understandable for judicial persons and for medical laymen. Therefore, in addition to classical methods, scientific cutting-edge technologies can and should be used. Through the use of the Forensic, 3-D/CAD-supported Photogrammetric method the documentation of so-called "morphologic fingerprints" has been realized. Forensic, 3-D/CAD-supported Photogrammetry creates morphologic data models of the injury and of the suspected injury-causing instrument allowing the evaluation of a match between the injury and the instrument. In addition to the photogrammetric body surface registration, the radiological documentation provided by a volume scan (i.e., spiral, multi-detector CT, or MRI) registers the sub-surface injury, which is not visible to Photogrammetry. The new, combined method of merging Photogrammetry and Radiology data sets creates the potential to perform many kinds of reconstructions and postprocessing of (patterned) injuries in the realm of forensic medical case work. Using this merging method of colored photogrammetric surface and gray-scale radiological internal documentation, a great step towards a new kind of reality-based, high-tech wound documentation and visualization in forensic medicine is made. The combination of the methods of 3D/CAD Photogrammetry and Radiology has the advantage of being observer-independent, non-subjective, non-invasive, digitally storable over years or decades and even transferable over the web for second opinion.
 ...
PMID:3D surface and body documentation in forensic medicine: 3-D/CAD Photogrammetry merged with 3D radiological scanning. 1464 Feb 85

MR and CT imaging are emerging as promising complementary imaging modalities in the primary diagnosis of CAD and for the detection of subclinical atherosclerotic disease. For the detection or exclusion of significant CAD, both cardiac CT (including coronary calcium screening and non-invasive coronary angiography), and cardiac MRI (using stress function and stress perfusion imaging) are becoming widely available for routine clinical evaluation. Their high negative predictive value, especially when combining two or more of these modalities, allows the exclusion of significant CAD with high certainty, provided that patients are selected appropriately. The primary goal of current investigations using this combined imaging approach is to reduce the number of unnecessary diagnostic coronary catheterizations, and not to replace cardiac catheterization altogether. For the diagnosis of obstructive coronary atherosclerosis and for screening for subclinical disease, CT and MRI have shown potential to directly image the atherosclerotic lesion, measure atherosclerotic burden, and characterize the plaque components. The information obtained may be used to assess progression and regression of atherosclerosis and may open new areas for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of coronary atherosclerosis. Further clinical investigation is needed to define the technical requirements for optimal imaging, develop accurate quantitative image analysis techniques, outline criteria for image interpretation, and define the clinical indications for both MR or CT imaging. Additional studies are also needed to address the cost effectiveness of such a combined approach versus other currently available imaging modalities.
 ...
PMID:Complementary results of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and coronary arteries: a review and future outlook. 1471 73

Multibody dynamic musculoskeletal models capable of predicting muscle forces and joint contact pressures simultaneously would be valuable for studying clinical issues related to knee joint degeneration and restoration. Current three-dimensional multibody knee models are either quasi-static with deformable contact or dynamic with rigid contact. This study proposes a computationally efficient methodology for combining multibody dynamic simulation methods with a deformable contact knee model. The methodology requires preparation of the articular surface geometry, development of efficient methods to calculate distances between contact surfaces, implementation of an efficient contact solver that accounts for the unique characteristics of human joints, and specification of an application programming interface for integration with any multibody dynamic simulation environment. The current implementation accommodates natural or artificial tibiofemoral joint models, small or large strain contact models, and linear or nonlinear material models. Applications are presented for static analysis (via dynamic simulation) of a natural knee model created from MRI and CT data and dynamic simulation of an artificial knee model produced from manufacturer's CAD data. Small and large strain natural knee static analyses required 1 min of CPU time and predicted similar contact conditions except for peak pressure, which was higher for the large strain model. Linear and nonlinear artificial knee dynamic simulations required 10 min of CPU time and predicted similar contact force and torque but different contact pressures, which were lower for the nonlinear model due to increased contact area. This methodology provides an important step toward the realization of dynamic musculoskeletal models that can predict in vivo knee joint motion and loading simultaneously.
 ...
PMID:Multibody dynamic simulation of knee contact mechanics. 1556 15

The currently best available spatial and temporal resolution for retrospectively ECG gated coronary multi-detector-row CT angiography is 0.4 mm and 165 ms, respectively. These acquisition parameters are already rather close to cardiac catheter. Studies so far compared non-invasive coronary CT and convention angiography for the detection of coronary artery stenoses. The most promising result reported by all authors was the high negative predictive value of the CTA. It now needs to be determined if CTA is a reliable tool to rule out coronary artery stenoses in a patient cohort with low likelihood of CAD, such as those with atypical chest pain or ambiguous stress test. CTA may furthermore establish as a rapid and widely available tool to detect vulnerable plaques or intracoronary thrombus in patients with acute coronary syndrome and unstable angina. In patients with chronic stable angina, tools that determine myocardial ischemia under stress such as SPECT and MRI are probably better suited to determine the relevance of coronary artery stenoses. In this particular cohort, by displaying the extent and morphology of coronary atherosclerosis, CTA may help to direct the therapy to either intervention or surgery.
 ...
PMID:Coronary CT angiography in symptomatic patients. 1580 Oct 55

I have tried to give a little history, discuss some current topics: PACS, inappropriate image utilization, CT screening, Night Hawk, molecular imaging, sonoscope, CAD, and LBBH. I hope these issues are more familiar to you now. The articles that follow from the faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine and Saint Luke's Hospital will bring you up to date regarding the current status of CT, MRI, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, mammography, and interventional radiology.
 ...
PMID:Current status and issues of concern in diagnostic radiology. 1596 43

We have developed a four-dimensional (4D) model of the lower extremities after total hip arthroplasty in patients. The model can aid in preventing complications such as dislocation and wearing of the sliding surface. The skeletal structure and implant alignment were obtained from CT data. We applied registration method using CAD data to estimate accurate implant alignment from scattered CT data. The reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) skeletal model was combined with motion capture data that were acquired by an optical tracking system. We displayed the patient's skeletal movement and analyzed several parameters that relate to complications. The patient's skeletal model was superimposed onto video footage that was taken by a synchronized and calibrated digital video camera. For validation of the measurement error in this system, we used open MRI to evaluate the relative movement between skin markers and bones. This system visually represents not only the 3D anatomical structure, but also 4D dynamic functions that include the time sequential transitions of components and their positions. The open MRI results indicated that the average error in hip angle was within 5 degrees for each static posture. This system enables clinicians to analyze patient's motions on the basis of individual differences. We found that our system was an effective tool in providing precise guidance of daily postoperative motions that was individualized for each patient. This system will be applicable for surgical planning, assessment of postoperative activities, and the development of new surgical techniques, materials, and prosthetic designs.
 ...
PMID:Four-dimensional model of the lower extremity after total hip arthroplasty. 1621 87


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>