Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.1.6 (CAD)
 4,420 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activities of L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), choline acetyltransferase (CAT), and cysteic and cysteinesulfinic acids decarboxylase (CAD/CSAD) in putamen and frontal cortex in both Huntington's chorea and normal tissues were measured. The greatest difference between Huntington's and normal tissues occurred in putamen, in which the apparent CSAD activity was reduced by 85%, while no difference was observed in frontal cortex. GAD, CAD, and CAT activities were also reduced in putamen by 65%, 63%, and 42%, respectively (P less than 0.05). Slight reduction in the enzyme activities was also observed in frontal cortex. However, these reductions appeared to be statistically insignificant (P greater than 0.05 in all cases). GABA-T showed little difference in both putamen and frontal cortex in Huntington's chorea and normal tissues. GAD and GABA-T from Huntington's tissues were indistinguishable from those obtained from normal tissues by double diffusion test and by microcomplement fixation test, which is capable of distinguishing proteins with a single amino acid substitution. Furthermore, the similarity of the complement fixation curves for GAD from Huntington's and normal tissues suggests that the decrease in GAD activity is probably due to the reduction in the number of GAD molecules, presumably through the loss of neurons, and not due to the inhibition or inactivation of GAD activity by toxic substances which might be present in Huntington's chorea.
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PMID:Abnormalities of neurotransmitter enzymes in Huntington's chorea. 4 Jan 50

Serum antithrombin activity (AA) was correlated with coronary angiographic findings in 69 patients with documented angina. There was excellent correlation between normal values and normal coronary circulation or only one-vessel stenosis in 30 of 35 patients (86%). When AA was above 90%, 90% of patients (20 of 22) had normal circulation or one-vessel occlusion. In 24 patients AA values were significantly decreased. Coronary angiography in this group revealed three with normal circulation or only one-vessel involvement (10%); 21 of 24 had two or three vessels occluded (90%). The correlation between severe CAD and low AA is probably coincidental to a "triggered" or "turned-on" clotting system. The most practical clinical contribution of AA estimation relates to this capacity to identify angina patients in whom clot-preventive measures (aspirin; dipyridamole; anticoagulants) might prove beneficial.
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PMID:Serum antithrombin in coronary-artery disease. 5 72

This paper has presented some psychosocial factors believed to contribute to the incidence of coronary artery disease. In addition to the recognized risks, Type A behavior was identified as particularly predisposing to the incidence of CAD. A pattern of psychosocial responses to MI, as a symptomatic manifestation of CAD, was discussed in relation to a specific patient and to the nursing interventions employed. These responses are not peculiar to individuals who suffer an MI, but are common human responses to threat by illness or injury, and as such present a challenge to nurses for appropriate therapeutic intervention.
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PMID:Psychosocial responses to myocardial infarction. 25 4

The purpose of the group sessions in our hospital was to relieve patient anxiety by offering the patients an opportunity to discuss lifestyle changes necessary for adjustment in living with CAD in order to better adapt to the illness. A series of informal group sessions accomplished these purposes admirably. It is the opinion of these authors that nurses educated in group skills should institute group sessions for patients with CAD. The benefits to both the nurse and patient are unlimited.
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PMID:Group sessions as a method of reducing anxiety in patients with coronary artery disease. 25 75

Mutant Syrian hamster cells resistant to N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA), a transition state analog inhibitor of aspartate transcarbamylase, overproduce CAD, a multifunctional protein which catalyzes the first three reactions of de novo UMP biosynthesis. Increased levels of a single mRNA cause the overproduction of CAD in all PALA-resistant mutants examined thus far. A recombinant plasmid containing a 2,3-kilobase insert complementary to the 3'-proximal region of this 7.9-kilobase mRNA has been prepared and used to show that the CAD gene is amplified in each of the 10 PALA-resistant mutants examined. Rates of association of CAD sequences in DNA isolated from PALA-sensitive and PALA-resistant cells with labeled plasmid DNA indicated that the degree of amplification is approximately equal to the degree of overproduction of protein and mRNA in each mutant. The patterns of digestion of these DNAs with restriction enzymes confirmed this result and showed that the lower limit for the size of the amplified unit is 19 kilobases, much larger than the mRNA. A comparison of restriction endonuclease digests of the cloned cDNA with digests of genomic DNA indicated that part of this difference is attributable to intervening sequences in the CAD gene. A 10.2-kilobase RNA which contains CAD sequences is found in cytoplasmic fractions from some PALA-resistant mutants but not in wild type cells. Restriction patterns were analyzed by a new method in which fragments of DNA are transferred from agarose gels to diazo paper with a high efficiency which is independent of size.
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PMID:Gene amplification causes overproduction of the first three enzymes of UMP synthesis in N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate-resistant hamster cells. 38 11

The intrinsic laryngeal muscles of the horse, donkey, sheep, ox, pig, dog and cat were examined for myosin ATPase, following acid and alkali pre-incubation, SDH and M-alphaGPDH activities. In all laryngeal muscles two fibre types, betaR and alphaR, belonging to slow and fast-contracting, fatigue-resistant motor units (types S and FR) were present in different proportions. The alphaW fibre type, belonging to fast-contracting and fatigue-resistant motor units was absent (type FF). The alphaR fibres of the dog and the cat were subdivided into groups by the various degrees of acid stable myosin ATPase, oxidative and glycolytic activities. In the ox and pig laryngeal muscles, the same fibres showed an atypical myosin ATPase activity, as high as the fast-contracting fibres but acid-resistant like the slow-twitch fibres. The most uniform muscle was the CAD, which was formed of a higher percentage of slow-twitch fibres than the other laryngeal muscles of the same species. Also the VE muscle was very uniform in the dog, horse and donkey but the fast-twitch fibres were by far the most numerous, the highest in fact among all the laryngeal muscles. In the TA muscle of the cat, sheep and ox, the percentage of fast-twitch fibres was very high in the rostral portion decreasing gradually towards the caudal portion. Thus it was possible to separate histochemically the TA muscle in the rostral (pars ventricularis) and caudal (pars vocalis) portions which are related to the VE and the VO muscles of the dog, horse and donkey. In the VO muscle the slow-twitch fibres are more numerous than in the VE. The two portions of the TA were not detected by histochemical methods in the pig. However, this muscle has the highest percentage of fast-twitch fibres. The qualitative and quantitative data presented in this paper together with the data reported in the literature, enable us to correlate morphological and functional aspects of fibre composition among the species.
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PMID:A comparative histochemical study of intrinsic laryngeal muscles of ungulates and carnivores. 53 8

The change in left ventricular volume during a representative cardiac cycle was assessed in 19 patients with CAD and 8 control subjects before and after 10 mg isosorbiddinitrate sublingually. 15mCi99mTc-HSA were administered intravenously. After the tracer had equilibrated, the precordial changes of activity were measured with a gamma-camera connected to a computer. In order to determine the overall left-ventricular function from volume curves, the ejection fraction, the maximal systolic ejection rate and the maximal diastolic filling rate of the left ventricle were measured. For the assessment of regional wall motion abnormalities the volume changes were observed in a cinemode on a colour video display. In addition the relative changes of regional EF, regional stroke volume and the timing of endsystole were recorded as a functional scintigram. The results showed very clear differences between control subjects and patients with CAD. Furthermore differences existed between patients with hypokinesia and those with akinesia or aneurysm. The results emphasize that quantitative gated nuclear cardiography not only provides information concerning the left ventricular function but also allows the assessment of local wall motion as to reversible or irreversible asynergy.
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PMID:[Quantitative gated nuclear cardiography in coronary artery disease after administration of isosorbiddinitrate (author's transl)]. 54 1

An eeg study was carried out in rabbits to investigate the neurophysiological effects of chronic lithium clorure treatment. The Monnier and Gangloff's stereotaxic method was used for recording cortical and deep structure activity. Lithium clorure was administered i.p. at doses of 20 mg/Kg/die for 15-22 days (mean plasmatic levels: 0.04 mEq/l). The eeg changes consisted in synchronization of the cortical activity, slowing of the deep structure activity and increase of CAD spiking. The most interesting finding was the appearance of peculiar periodic spikes in the CAD and subcortical structures. A similar pattern has been previously described by us in rabbits treated with repeated ECT.
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PMID:[Long-term treatment with lithium salts and cerebral electric activity. Experimental research]. 55 Aug 93

The acute effect of 1 g oral ascorbic acid on serum fibrinolytic activity was studied in 40 adult males. In Group I (healthy adults) administration of ascorbic acid raised the serum level by about 71%, while the fibrinolytic activity increased to a peak of 137% at 6 h. In patients with CAD (Group II) an essentially similar increase in FA was observed. In Group III, simultaneous administration of ascorbic acid with 100 g fat effectively prevented a fall in fibrinolytic activity and actually raised it by 64% above the fasting level.
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PMID:Acute effect of ascorbic acid on fibrinolytic activity. 56 76

In order to evaluate the effects of rapid digitalization on LV volumes, ejection fraction, and asynergy, 21 patients without heart failure were studied with a combination of hemodynamic and angiographic techniques before and after administration of intravenous ouabain (0.007 mg./Kg.). Seven patients had no CAD and served as normal (control) subjects (Group I), while 14 patients had extensive coronary disease (Group II). All pre-ouabain parameters were within the normal limits in Group I. After ouabain infusion, all indices of LV contractility: dP/dt, VCF, and ejection fraction rose significantly in the normal group, while LV filling pressure and end-diastolic volume remained unchanged. The baseline hemodynamic and volumetric values for Group II patients corresponded closely to their normal (Group I) counterparts, and exhibited similar changes after ouabain administration. Eight patients in Group II also had regional disorders of LV contractility, delineated by 23 abnormal hemiaxes of shortening. After ouabain, 15 out of 23 asynergic segments (65 per cent) improved, seven remained unchanged, and one worsened. It is therefore concluded that rapid digitalization not only enhances LV performance in normal subjects and in patients with CAD, but can also markedly reduce the extent of LV asynergy.
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PMID:Effects of rapid digitalization on total and regional myocardial performance in patients with coronary artery disease. 68 6


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