Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:4.1.1.6 (CAD)
 4,420 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) is an independent, monofunctional enzyme in Escherichia coli, mammalian ATCase is one of the globular enzymatic domains of the multifunctional CAD protein. We subcloned fragments of the hamster CAD cDNA and assayed polypeptide products expressed in E. coli for ATCase activity in order to isolate a stretch of cDNA which encodes only the ATCase domain. Three such expression constructs contain fragments of hamster CAD cDNA similar in length to the gene encoding the E. coli ATCase catalytic subunit (pyrB). These constructs yield stable proteins with ATCase activity, ascertained by both in vivo and in vitro assays; the clones also possess sequence homology with the pyrB gene at both the 5' and 3' ends. The clone producing the most active ATCase contains cDNA which is analogous to the entire pyrB gene, plus a small amount of CAD sequence upstream of this region. Because these constructs produce independently folded, active ATCase from a piece of cDNA the size of the E. coli pyrB gene, they open the door for the in-depth investigation of the isolated mammalian enzyme domain utilizing recombinant DNA technology. This approach is potentially useful for the analysis of domains of other multifunctional proteins.
Mol Gen Genet 1988 Aug
PMID:The aspartate transcarbamylase domain of a mammalian multifunctional protein expressed as an independent enzyme in Escherichia coli. 290 35

This paper considers the literature on factors found to be associated with angina and pseudoangina, and attempts to delineate those psychosocial characteristics that might distinguish angina patients from either nonanginal CAD patients or from non-CAD normals. A cluster of characteristics emerges from both retrospective and prospective studies suggesting greater affective lability, "neuroticism," and perhaps physiologic reactivity than in either comparison group. The literature also suggests that learning and suggestion may play important roles in generating specific precipitants for anginal attacks. The literature on psychosocial intervention in anginal syndromes is almost entirely anecdotal, allowing few firm conclusions to be drawn, but suggesting the possible efficacy of certain behavioral, didactic, and supportive-psychodynamic interventions.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1984 Oct
PMID:Psychotherapeutic intervention in angina: I. A critical review. 648 43

The gene encoding the monolignol biosynthetic enzyme cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, E.C. 1.1.1.195) can be expressed in response to different developmental and environmental cues. Control of Cad gene expression could involve either differential regulation of more than one Cad gene or, alternatively combinatorial regulation of a single Cad gene. In loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), we found several electrophoretic variants (allozymes) of CAD and a high level of heterozygosity (he = 0.46). Analysis of inheritance patterns of pine CAD allozymes gave segregation ratios that were consistent with Mendelian expectations for a single functional gene. The identity of the full-length Cad cDNA sequence was confirmed by alignment with peptide sequences obtained from purified active enzyme and by extensive similarity to Cad sequences from other species. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA using the Cad cDNA as a hybridization probe gave simple patterns, consistent with our interpretation that pine Cad is a single-copy gene. Phylogenetic analysis and evolution rate estimates showed that Cad sequences are diverging less rapidly in the gymnosperms than in the angiosperms. The Cad mRNA was present in both lignifying tissues and a non lignifying tissue (the megagametophyte) of pine. The presence of a single gene suggests that different regulatory mechanisms for a single Cad gene, rather than differential regulation of several genes, can account for its expression in response to different cues.
Mol Gen Genet 1995 Jun 10
PMID:Genetic analysis of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in loblolly pine: single gene inheritance, molecular characterization and evolution. 760 32

The present study further examined the functional presence and the signal transduction mechanism(s) for adenosine A(2A) and A(2B) receptors through nitric oxide (NO) and the guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in cultured porcine coronary artery endothelial cells (PCAEC). The application of adenosine receptor agonists, NECA, CGS-21680 and CAD between 10(-7) and 10(-4) M, enhanced the production of NO (measured as nitrite) in a dose-dependent manner. On the basis of EC(50) values, these agonists showed the following order of potency: NECA>CGS-21680>CAD. This order appears to be of the A(2) adenosine receptor subtype. Similarly, the same concentrations of adenosine agonists evoked the production of cGMP in a dose-dependent manner, exhibiting a rank order that is similar to that of NO production. NO synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, 10(-5) M), inhibited the production of NO and cGMP, which was reversed by L-arginine (10(-4) M). Selective A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists, ZM-241385 and SCH-58261, at 10(-7) M, significantly inhibited the effects of CGS-21680, but only partly inhibited the effect of NECA on NO and cGMP production. Along with the earlier molecular evidence from this laboratory [Am. J. Physiol. 279 (2000) H650], the present data further support the presence of both A(2A) and A(2B) receptors in PCAEC. These results further support that coronary endothelial cells express functional A(2A) and A(2B) adenosine receptors, leading to GMP production through the NO-synthase-linked mechanism. This is the first direct evidence where an A(2B) adenosine receptor has been linked to NO production in cultured endothelial cells and could play a role in coronary artery physiology and pathophysiology.
Gen Pharmacol 2000 Sep
PMID:Adenosine A(2A) and A(2B) receptors mediated nitric oxide production in coronary artery endothelial cells. 1174 40

Single tooth restoration with implants traditionally has been complicated due to the difficulty in achieving ideal emergence profile and crown form. The Atlantis milled abutment overcomes these difficulties, utilizing CAD/CAM technology to develop a customized milled abutment with ideal emergence profile and shape to simplify crown fabrication.
Gen Dent
PMID:Computerized milled solid implant abutments utilized at second stage surgery. 1201 87

A promising method of fabricating porcelain esthetic resin-bonded pontics is proposed. CAD-CAM crown software in the CEREC system is edited and modified to mill the replacement for a missing lower incisor out of a block of porcelain.
Gen Dent
PMID:Computer designed and milled porcelain esthetic resin-bonded fixed partial denture. 1202 98

In response to an increased public demand for esthetic restorations, dentists are using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology to fabricate inlay/onlay, crown, and laminate veneers. This study evaluated the fit at the gingival margin of surface inlay restorations milled by the CEREC II as well as the more recently developed CEREC III. The marginal fit of inlays milled by the CEREC III was more accurate than the fit of those milled by the CEREC II, although both were within the ADA specifications of 50 micro.
Gen Dent
PMID:Scanning electron microscope evaluation of CEREC II and CEREC III inlays. 1505 35

Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology has made steady inroads into the practice of dentistry. The CEREC CAD/CAM system can be used chairside to fabricate porcelain and composite inlays, onlays, and crowns and porcelain veneers. The latest incarnation of the CEREC system is the CEREC 3D, which provides a versatile, relatively simple, user-friendly method for fabricating esthetic restorations chairside without involving a dental laboratory. CEREC 3D may be the system that allows the average general dentist to provide chairside porcelain restorations during single-visit appointments, eliminating the need for an elastomeric impression or an interim restoration as well as the expense of a laboratory fee.
Gen Dent
PMID:An overview of the CEREC 3D CAD/CAM system. 1520 54

New materials--specifically the new CAD/CAM zirconia-based systems--are available now for restorative dentistry. When esthetics are not a factor, gold remains the standard, particularly for intracoronal restorations and full posterior coverage. Tooth-colored crowns made with zirconia are new and offer great promise for the future, although more long-term in vivo studies are necessary.
Gen Dent
PMID:Material choice for restorative dentistry: inlays, onlays, crowns, and bridges. 1700 62

The aim of our work was to develop an assay for the determination of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (Angptl3) in human blood, and investigate its levels in healthy volunteers and donors suffer from metabolic syndrome and familiar hypercholesterolemia. We developed and evaluated the sandwich ELISA method for the quantitative determination of human Angptl3 in serum samples. We conducted also the pilot study on individuals with metabolic syndrome or familiar hypercholesterolemia and healthy probands. The following parameters were measured: blood pressure, waist circumference, Angptl3 serum levels, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, insulin, glucose, A-FABP, and BMI and Quicki insulin sensitivity index was calculated. In the study on 93 healthy volunteers we demonstrated that sex or age is not the determinant for Angptl3 serum values. Futhermore, 118 individuals with metabolic syndrome and 200 patients with familiar hypercholesterolemia were tested and it was found that probands with metabolic syndrome or familiar hypercholesterolemia had higher Angptl3 values than healthy individuals from the first study (medians 289.5 vs. 277.1 vs. 224.8 ng/ml, p < 0.01). All of groups did not differ in sex or age. Angptl3 values correlated with the systolic blood pressure, LDL and A-FABP (p < 0.05). No connection of Angptl3 with triglycerides was found (presumably influences of statins, fibrates via PPARs, etc). However, we performed stepwise regression and found A-FABP and Angptl3 serum values as the independent markers for metabolic syndrome presence only (F ratio 29, p < 0.01). Then we adjusted Angptl3 to A-FABP (reputable metabolic syndrome marker) and recognised that Angptl3 is the A-FABP-independent marker. The pilot study supports the hypothesis about the role of Angptl3 as a new class of lipid metabolism modulator. Their values could be a new key predictors of metabolic syndrome. Further research is necessary to confirm our findings in individuals with dyslipidemia, obesity, CAD and different medication in order to assess Angptl3 value as a risk predictor of accelerated atherosclerosis.
Gen Physiol Biophys 2007 Sep
PMID:Angiopoietin-like protein 3: development, analytical characterization, and clinical testing of a new ELISA. 1806 51


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