Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:4.1.1.6 (CAD)
4,420 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new type of total ankle arthroplasty developed with the use of a CAD-CAM computer was used in a series of 27 ankles between 1985 and 1989. Follow-up in 19 ankles ranging from 18 months to 5.5 years postoperatively indicates that the design of this implant appears to avoid the problems of subsidence and malleolar impingement. Based upon the results in this series, it appears that the best candidates for use of this type of total ankle implant are patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:Total ankle arthroplasty: new concepts and approaches. 1014 45

The design and fabrication of teeth restorations in dentistry rely increasingly on CAD/CAM techniques. We present an approach for interactive design of the occlusal surface of teeth based on simulation of jaw articulation and computer-aided diagnosis of occlusal disorders. To bridge the cognitive gap between the dentist and the computer system, we propose a virtual reality user interface, which applies the metaphors of tools and techniques known in dentistry. This makes the restoration design more intuitive for dentists. The system uses Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) and HTML standards to generate a treatment report and exchange data in an electronic form. The simulation of jaw articulation requires fast calculation of multi-point contacts and detection of collisions between surfaces of teeth and restorations. We have developed a distance maps technique which exhibits realtime performance for objects with complex geometry and is suitable for other virtual reality systems dealing with complex contacts. The characteristics of contacts between teeth acquired during lower jaw motion are compactly represented as accumulated distance maps. These maps are then used for automatic removal of interferences between the restorations and the opponent teeth, and provide the dentist with information for further manual adjustments of the occlusal surfaces.
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PMID:A virtual reality interface to an intelligent dental care system. 1016 70

A quantitative method was developed for defining manual socket modifications, averaging these modifications over a series of amputees, and using the average modifications as a template in commercial CAD/CAM systems. The CADVIEW programme (i.e. software for viewing and analysing CAD sockets) was rewritten to provide comparison functions for aligning sockets to a common axis, visualising the differences between sockets, generating modification outlines, assigning apex point values, and averaging the modification outlines. A CAD template generated in this manner should be the best general representation of a prosthetist's modification style. To test this hypothesis, 13 people with trans-tibial amputations were fitted with both a manual and a CAD/CAM socket. Questionnaires were completed by the subjects and by the prosthetist to obtain information on prosthetic comfort, function, and overall satisfaction. Ground reaction force and stride parameter data were also collected for each prosthesis during gait laboratory testing. No significant differences were found between the manually designed socket and the CAD/CAM designed socket for all data except the vertical peak forces on the amputated side. These results support the clinical application of this quantitative technique for making the transition from manual to CAD/CAM prosthetic modification procedures.
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PMID:Validation of a quantitative method for defining CAD/CAM socket modifications. 1035 41

Increasing patient expectations regarding the appearance of restorations continue to test the ingenuity and skill of the dental team. To this end the quest for sufficiently strong, metal-free, all-ceramic restorations to function in all areas of the mouth continues apace. We report on a possible solution to this problem that uses computer-aided design/computer-aided milling (CAD/CAM) technology coupled with a novel, densely sintered, ceramic material. In this article we offer suggestions for case selection, preparation design, and luting procedures, and in addition illustrate these with a number of completed cases.
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PMID:Procera all-ceramic crowns: a new approach to an old problem? 1036 89

In patients with advanced oral cancer, a resection of the mandible continuity is often indicated. This new method presented here uses computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) for preoperative fabrication of individual mandibular prostheses and their corresponding resection templates in a direct fashion without the need for additional physical models. In this experimental application, a segment of a dried mandible was resected and replaced by a titanium prosthesis prefabricated by CAD/CAM. It was the aim of this investigation to verify the processing chain and its precision, i.e., the fit of an individual implant, such as this. Although this new technique offers fascinating opportunities, possible clinical drawbacks have to be taken into account.
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PMID:One-step resection and reconstruction of the mandible using computer-aided techniques--experimental and clinical results. 1041 4

The aim of this article was to present the CAD/CAM-assisted Procera system as a new all-ceramic full-coverage crown system. New technologies need to be evaluated technically and clinically to be able to fulfill the requests for aesthetics, physical strength and biocompatibility when restoring the anterior and posterior region. The Procera AllCeram system offers the opportunity to fabricate densely sintered, high-purity, tooth-colored copings. Mechanical properties of the Procera alumina coping, indications and contraindications and additional applications are discussed. The clinical and technical procedures and any specific limitations and peculiarities are summarized and documented with clinical cases in a step-by-step illustration.
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PMID:[The Procera Allceram all-ceramic system. The clinical and technical laboratory aspects in the use of a new all-ceramic system]. 1048 98

Quantitative assessment of the biomechanical properties of limb soft tissues has become more important during the last decade because of the introduction of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and finite element analysis to the prosthetic socket design. Because of the lack of a clinically easy-to-use apparatus, the site and posture dependences of the material properties of lower limb soft tissues have not been fully reported in the literature. In this study, an ultrasound indentation system with a pen-size hand-held probe developed earlier by the authors was used to obtain the indentation responses of lower limb soft tissues. Indentation tests were conducted on normal young subjects with four females and four males at four sites with three body postures. A linear elastic indentation solution was used to extract the effective Young's modulus from the indentation responses. The determined modulus ranged from 10.4 to 89.2 kPa for the soft tissues tested. These results were in a similar range as those reported in the literature. The thickness of the lower limb soft tissues varied slightly with body posture changes. The Young's modulus determined was demonstrated to be significantly dependent on site, posture, subject and gender. The overall mean modulus of male subjects was 40% larger than that of female subjects. No significant correlation was established between the effective Young's modulus and the thickness of entire soft tissue layers.
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PMID:Effective elastic properties for lower limb soft tissues from manual indentation experiment. 1049 72

Total hip joint arthroplasty (THA) in the presence of severe femoral anteversion (>50 degrees) is technically demanding. This problem is often encountered in patients with osteoarthritis secondary to hip joint dysplasia or congenital dislocation. We describe a method of THA in which an uncemented femoral prosthesis is used in conjunction with subtrochanteric derotational osteotomy. This technique allows the restoration of the normal proximal femoral anatomy, including the abductor muscle lever arm without resorting to greater trochanteric transfer. Correction of the excessive femoral anteversion avoids the tendency for postoperative anterior instability. The osteotomy site may also serve as the site for femoral shortening or angular correction when required, which preserves the normal femoral flare. The prostheses used were custom CAD/CAM (computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturer) in design and had the following features: a close intramedullary proximal fit, with collar, lateral flare, and hydroxyapatite coating to achieve early proximal fixation, and longitudinally cutting fluted stem to provide immediate rotational stability across the osteotomy site. Although we used CAD/CAM custom prostheses, off-the-shelf uncemented hip prostheses with similar design features have become available. We report on 7 patients who underwent THA using this technique. The average patient age was 49 years (range, 34-61 years) with a mean follow-up period of 31 months (range, 16-60 months). To date, all cases have had a satisfactory outcome with evidence of union at the osteotomy site. Harris hip scores improved from an average of 44 preoperatively to 91 by the end of follow-up period. One case was complicated by delayed union at the osteotomy site, which was successfully corrected with bone grafting and temporary plate stabilization.
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PMID:Uncemented total hip arthroplasty with subtrochanteric derotational osteotomy for severe femoral anteversion. 1051 40

A method of computer aided dynamic correction of digitised occlusal surfaces has been described. A mathematically simulated fully adjustable software articulator has been designed and used in place of a mechanical dental articulator. An optical impression of plaster models is performed using a laser scan device. The digitised models are oriented automatically to each other and to the coordinate-system of the software articulator. A correction algorythmus is supervising the two occlusal surfaces during basic articulator movements and correcting them at places of interference according to a pre-set scheme. An electronic face-boe is being constructed to enhance the preciseness of the model orientation. After completion the method can be used as an integrated part of a foreign dental CAD/CAM system to dynamize static occlusal surfaces, or as a separate system for computer aided functional analysis and correction of natural and artificial occlusal surfaces.
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PMID:[Dynamic correction of occlusal surfaces by means of the CAD-CAM methods. II]. 1055 10

Head and neck surgery may involve complex methods of composite reconstruction that do not replicate the volume and contour of the normal anatomy. 'Functional' reconstruction implies replication of the normal volume and contour of both hard and soft tissues to produce normal form and function of the face, mouth and jaws. Techniques such as stereoscopic lithography and computer-assisted design, and-manufacture (CAD-CAM) have been successfully used with computer-numerized control (CNC) milling to manufacture customized titanium implants for single-stage reconstruction of the maxilla, hemimandible and dentition without the use of composite flap cover after the removal of tumours. Reduction in theatre time and personnel, less need for intensive care, and earlier discharge from hospital, indicate possible savings of Pound Sterling 17,000-Pound Sterling 19,000 per patient. There are implications for surgery in general, and further research and development is advocated.
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PMID:Stereoscopic lithography: customized titanium implants in orofacial reconstruction. A new surgical technique without flap cover. 1078 56


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